Instructional iBook Project for UC Irvines Neurology Clerkship Thesis

Instructional iBook Project for UC Irvines Neurology Clerkship - Thesis Example all understudies in the clerkship are given iPads, the iPads will likewise safeguard that understudies get 24 hour access to thorough learning apparatuses and understudy bolster administrations. As a learning instrument inside and outside of the study hall, the iBook will mix the speculations of issue based learning in intuitive mimicked style to enable these clinical understudies to rehearse their basic reasoning while at the same time encouraging inherent inspiration to learn and team up with others. Not exclusively will the iBook help understudies with their own learning, yet it will likewise give educators an approach to quantify the advancement of their understudies by social affair information about their student’s headway through iBook reproductions and iBook appraisal tests. Generally, the venture will help every clinical understudy in the Neurology clerkship to all the more likely prevail in the program and become better basically thinking clinical experts all the whi le. The point of this examination is to create and plan an instructional iBook venture for UC Irvine’s nervous system science clerkship. A survey of the writing is led to build up the reason for creating and planning an instructional iBook venture for UC Irvine’s nervous system science clerkship. In such manner, the subjects secured incorporate prescribed procedures for clinical guidance, educator confirmation, understudy MD affirmation, and instructional innovations in clinical settings. Clinical guidance is ‘multifaceted and complex’ with the clinical educator required to deal with various obligations and to ‘respond to contending requests (O’Conner, 2006, p. 27). The clinical guidance is required to have a ‘working information on patients doled out to students’, and should likewise comprehend the ‘healthcare issues prone to be experienced and the medicines, strategies and arrangements that apply’ (O’Connor, 2006, p. 27). Simultaneously, in spite of the fact that understudies have a typical instructive objective, they all have distinctive ‘learning needs’ (O’Connor, 2006, p. 27). A typical issue for

Do not need a title Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Needn't bother with a title - Assignment Example In each general public, men of this [aristocratic] class will order an unrivaled level of regard; and if the legislature is so comprised as to concede yet not many to practice its forces, it will, as per the characteristic course of things, be in their grasp. Men in the ordinary class, who are qualified as delegates, won't be so restless to be picked as those of the first. At the point when the number is so little, the workplace will be exceptionally raised and recognized; the style wherein the individuals live will most likely be high; conditions of this sort will render the spot of a delegate not an attractive one to reasonable, significant men, who have been utilized to stroll in the plain and economical ways of life†¦. A generous yeoman, of sense and acumen, will barely ever be picked. From these comments, apparently the administration will fall under the control of the couple of and the extraordinary. This will be an administration of oppression†¦.The incredible see themselves as over the ordinary citizens, qualified for more regard, don't connect with them; they extravagant themselves to have a privilege of transcendence in all things. It has been more remote, by the men of their word in resistance [Antifederalists], watched, that a huge portrayal is important to comprehend the interests of the individuals. This guideline is in no way, shape or form valid in the degree to which the man of his word appears to convey it. I would ask, for what reason may not a man comprehend the interests of thirty [thousand] just as of twenty? It is a cruel regulation, that men become devilish in extent as they improve and edify their psyches. Experience has in no way, shape or form defended us in the assumption, that there is more ethicalness in one class of men than in another. Glance through the rich and the poor of the network; the scholarly and the oblivious. Where does temperance prevail? The distinction for sure comprises, not in the amount however sort of indecencies, which are episode to the different classes; and here the benefit of character has a place with the

12 Ways to Increase Online Sales Quickly

12 Ways to Increase Online Sales Quickly Are you looking for marketing strategies you can easily employ at relatively low costs to boost your online sales and influence consumer behavior? Then yes â€" you have made the right stop.Are you probably thinking this is another scheme to get some easy online views from unsuspecting readers?But, no â€" this is not just another business or marketing article you have to skim through or ignore.Instead, these are the steps you were looking for to ensure the return on your e-commerce investment is greater than planned.Information is the roadmap to transformation. The elite of our society are not just elite because they inherited it, but because of the endless search for information to revolutionize their business approach, style and customer relations.Here are 12 ways you can easily implement for your online business and make a mouthwatering wave of sales in your online store. Quality information that will totally enhance customer behavior and guarantee increase your online sales if put to use accordingly.OUTLINEAlways post quality content  Upsell cross-sellImportance of personalized product recommendation to unveil product discoveryShow off buyers’ testimonials and indications of trustCreate a sense of urgencyInvest in quality product imagesUse pop-up offersTalk to your prospects on social mediaRemarketing closes more deals than you imagineUsing the personalized call-to-actionFocus on your audience’s favorite platformsReduce friction in the checkout processLet’s get started!1. ALWAYS POST QUALITY CONTENTOne of the first and major things to consider when you want to increase your sales is the quality of content you publish.The quality of the content you post on your webpages and your social media platforms will determine the way customers will perceive your store.So what exactly do you publish on your pages?Are your write-ups on the pages of your store, text, emails, pictures, thumbnails, and adverts average, good or exceptional content?Posting a lot of var iety of information does not necessarily mean you are impressing.Your posts must be tailored to your brand, and your business’ philosophy.Do not just post adverts all the time. You can post resourceful information such as research or manufacturer’s note on a product. This will greatly affect the interests and behavior of customers towards your online store.Your clients are intelligent people and like to be valued as such.Share more useful content, such as product demonstration videos on YouTube, interesting facts on Instagram, and list of gift ideas on Twitter and Facebook.Do not rest on past reputation. Increase the quality of your e-commerce marketing content. Robert Allen notes in Smart Insights’ 2017 E-Commerce Trends, “Good e-commerce marketers will need to produce exceptional content to manage to stand out in 2017.”Therefore, in order to increase sales especially for a long-term, do pay attention and take care of the information that is posted online.2. UPSELL CROSS -SELL  One vital way of quickly increasing online sales is through Upselling and Cross-selling strategies.These two ideas are accountable for an average of 10 â€" 30% of eCommerce revenue. Upselling and Cross-selling are interchangeable terms but actually, they mean different things.Upsell means offering a higher-grade alternative. For example, a customer planning to buy a brown handbag may get an offer to buy a white leather handbag of a higher grade that is cool and much more mature in its look. The new option must correlate with the one she is intending to buy already otherwise; it cannot be regarded as an alternative.Cross-selling means offering a package of complementary items that match the already existing option. For example, two additional offers of a face cap and footwear to match an order in the cart for a T-shirt.These tactics explained here are great and quick ways to increase sales as it encourages customers to buy more than they originally planned.First, you have to i dentify products for which you can create either Upsell or Cross-selling offers.Some ideas should probably be coming up in your mind already.For example, phone accessories go well along with orders of phones.One good tip is that whatever your Upsell or Cross-sell offer is, make sure they are not overly expensive. You can quickly implement this and boost average order value of each customer in your online store.3. IMPORTANCE OF PERSONALIZED PRODUCT RECOMMENDATION TO UNVEIL PRODUCT DISCOVERY  Perhaps, you are looking for a way to influence customer behavior towards certain products and get more sales for others; personalized product recommendation is a great way to go.A couple of years ago, Amazon revealed that 35% of their revenue was from product recommendations. This technological idea now dominates e-commerce. Until now, product suggestion blocks cover 70% of Amazon’s homepage.One thing to note is that these recommendations are generated and shaped by each shoppers interests and buying behavior.By creating product suggestion blocks that are relevant to the buyers’ searches, you are also creating more chances of increasing your conversion rates.This tactic is powered by the idea of preventing visitors from leaving empty-handed and encourages customers to add more items to cart.You can create product suggestion blocks maybe at the foot of your pages or vertically at one side of the pages. You can also create a scrolling facility to enable purchasers to check out more of the available options. You can add it to any page, even the cart page.The idea is to keep selling until the customer has left your online store. Amazon even suggests more items after checkout to increase chances of repeat purchases.This strategy will be more effective when it is more specific.For example, the suggestion blocks should tailor to a category of customers or category of products. This can be achieved by using a Personalized Recommendation App. The application uses built-in algor ithms to collect and analyze customer’s data to generate tailored suggestions each customer is most likely to buy.Data for such specific development may also be extracted from the cookies on your site, previous searches from the customer via his account or current searches linked to matching orders (for example: a click on the category of women jewelry should bring up suggestion blocks on other fancy jewelry or hair accessories).Please do not forget to add images of suggested products. It will also provide direction to users who do not know the exact names of the product they want. 4. SHOW OFF BUYERS’ TESTIMONIALS AND INDICATIONS OF TRUSTNothing works on an intending customer than proofs of satisfaction of quality from other customers. It works like magic.Let me give you a scenario. I never wanted to watch the popular movie series, “Game of Thrones”. I just did not fancy watching what everyone was crazy about.But my friends would not just keep quiet about the hype. Fast forw ard to a few days later, I bought the first two seasons. I could not get over it until I finished watching the last episode in Season 7!It was that serious.So, you may have high-quality products in your store and not have a matching record of purchases but I tell you, testimonials and recommendations truly work like magic and get visitors addicted to your store after their first purchases.A survey from BrightLocal found that 85-percent of consumers trust an online review as much as a personal recommendation. However, there are a few things you must get in place to get this working perfectly for you.Do you have customers who have been pleased with products from your store?Then you can start from there.You need to develop a feedback system on your page to enable customers to give their responses in their own words. You can reinforce the goodwill and reputation of your store as slides on your pages.This may include testimonials (short quotes), industry awards, personal recommendations and so on.Another way of doing this is showing how you reward loyalty with testimonials of customers who got discounts, bonus or free shipping on their orders as a result of regularly patronizing your online store.This would make customers feel not only their money’s worth is being given to them but a value return for searching for your store every time they have an order to check first with your store.Generally, this is a very good way to increase online sales.As a new business, this is one of the best ways to go to get better conversion rates. The more positive reviews your products get, the higher the conversion rates. Already existing and reputable online stores who already use this strategy can upgrade by making such testimonials more visible. It is obviously a sign of trust and growing influence.It is also important to note this: you are not perfect. Your site is not perfect too, so on it include testimonials that speak about how you responded to customers who had technical problems and how they are satisfied with your fast response and resolution.This will incredibly impress visitors and give customers who you already enjoy their trust to encourage more people to visit your store.It is also a subtle way to advertise products on your store as customers will definitely pick out products to comment on.Remember, the more reviews, the higher the conversion rates. You can also include photos of customers who are now enjoying their products. You may also have to monitor comments to avoid abusive comments on your pages.In the long run, I can assure and reassure that you will thank yourself for employing this strategy.5. CREATE A SENSE OF URGENCYHave you ever participated in any product auction before?If yes, do you remember the way your heart must have kept racing as the time trickled down.Or maybe it was a product you always wanted to buy and you logged on to the store only to find out that it would be out of stock in the next few minutes and you did all you could to purchase it?Well, the online store owners put up that ploy to make you anxious and create a real sense of urgency in you that you had to increase their sales that day with one more.Can you imagine how many people like you could have ordered from the same store under the same circumstance and pressure?Bottom line is the store had more sales within those hours on such products because they were able to create a sense of urgency. You can also employ this master art to increase sales in your online store or business.Another fact about people is that they love competition. The private joy and fulfillment they have beaten others to a thing. It is a win-win situation.A purchaser naturally feels smart and like a winner when he/she is able to pull of his/her order within the timeframe. If they lose out due to time or higher bidders, you can be sure it will keep them on their toes to check up your store regularly so they do not miss out.I really cannot see any way this strategy will backfire.This is because it is a situation of which you are in charge as you determine the time the product will be in store, the number of stock and when the bonus will run out. You can renew, modify or create the new such situation all over again.So, it is time to create a sense of urgency about specific products in your store, you can start with averagely purchased products so as to increase sales on them. Incentives prove to be of help in creating such circumstances.For example, offers with time lapse, limited editions of a product, exclusive editions, etc.6. INVEST IN QUALITY PRODUCT IMAGES  Your mind must have wondered, “Do I have to do this too?”Just before you skip this point, this might be the step that proves to be the turnaround for your store.Let me explain this in simple everyday terms.How do you like food being presented to you? Which would you really prefer: a shabby presentation as in most local restaurants or in an exquisite package like a well-topped pizza or yummy drumstick from Kentucky Fried Chicken?The basic difference between these two modes of presentation is actually the philosophy, efforts, and discipline that goes into a presentation that later reflects hugely in the price and turnover for the respective seller.The same actually goes for the pictures of products you put up in your store. You have to invest in quality product images and not just poorly taken pictures.The impression you get when you are served in a local restaurant and in a hotel restaurant (executive treatment) will be exactly the same impression users of your store will get when they see your product images.This will ultimately affect purchases, unplanned purchases and repeat purchases positively. Regardless of the products you sell, the way your customers view your store by reason of images will greatly affect conversion rates.Perception is key (and reality).7. USE POP-UP OFFERSYes, the word “pop-up” easily sounds notorious and annoying at first thought but it is an employable strategy when it comes to special offers and bonuses.Think of this as a chess game and pop-up offers as pawns.You can employ them sparingly in a well-managed manner to increase sales at your store and drastically reduce shopping cart abandonment.On average, pop-up offers have a 3.1-percent conversion rate. A company that provides lead capture solutions, Sumo, found that on average, pop-ups had a 3-percent conversion rate. But the top 10-percent highest performing pop-ups had an average conversion rate three times higher.Do you have a mouth-watering offer, bonus offers or discount products? Maybe it is a product that you are offering free shipping for or a popular product that is topping the sales charts for the week, then you can effectively deploy a pop-up as a useful tool.Only the relevant information should be included on it. This way, pop-ups on your online store would be seen as gifts and not unwanted distractions.Nonetheless you can ask for customers’ ac tions in exchange for the discount or bonus offers. For example, ask customers to share your content on their social media page in exchange for a free shipping offer.Beat this: Kutoa, a company that sells health bars online, recorded 187-percent increase in their sales conversion rate by employing discount pop-up offers. It is that simple! 8. TALK TO YOUR PROSPECTS ON SOCIAL MEDIA  Have you ever felt like you talked to the best customer care agent ever? Or felt like suing the company for hiring a very annoying and/or unpolite agent?Your customers also get these feelings when you either ignore them, respond badly to their queries or treat them as special.There is need to establish actual communication with your prospects on social media. Do not just post pictures, videos or long posts for them to like and share â€" there are laws of social media marketing you must abide by.It is important for every online brand to take their customer relations very seriously.It is the fine line betwe en the trending stores and the unknown or forgotten stores.In this social media age, the creation of social media outlets to engage customers on these social platforms cannot be overemphasized. On this platform, prospective purchasers are watching or communicating their interests and curiosity, purchasers are seeking clarifications and the next steps to take while loyal customers are waiting for your next rewards, offers and so on.You cannot afford to lose out over a possible million purchasers across these categories by refusing to actually and actively talk with them.Social media houses more than millions of prospective purchasers and the more popular your brand is, the more likely your rates of conversion will increase in a flash of time.All you need is to devote time to these numerous clients.Engage them in meaningful conversations and give honest advice on how they can shop best. Then, you will begin to see your posts being shared, your pictures getting tremendous number of lik es and so on. You create brand awareness, satisfaction and increase in sales altogether in one shot.Just imagine that you just retweeted a big companys post or picture or inquired about their services and the giant brand actually took the time to thank you specifically or attend to your inquiries or complaints almost immediately.You will be feeling valued and special and you can do the same for your customers â€" even if it means hiring a social media expert.9. REMARKETING CLOSES MORE DEALS THAN YOU IMAGINEHave you considered the importance and role of remarketing in increasing sales of products in your store?If you are not into remarketing products, then you are relying on prospective buyers to increase your conversion rates.Well, that is not likely to work as great as you will need it to if it actually ever works. Remarketing can change the whole outlook of your sales on a product.You can choose to remarket a product or a specific time-sensitive sale offer (as discussed in this ar ticle on how to create a sense of urgency). This will undoubtedly increase sales online.Apart from increasing sales, remarketing provides you with the opportunity to establish your brand as a top priority for your customers and gives prospective customers numerous choices to pick from. You can easily remarket with paid search or paid social media campaigns.Check out The Ultimate Guide to AdWords Remarketing and The Ridiculously Awesome Guide to Facebook Remarketing.10. USING THE PERSONALIZED CALL-TO-ACTIONSince measuring conversion rates is essential to increasing sales, it is important to optimize where that conversion takes place: Your calls-to-action.A call-to-action (CTA) can be referred to as a tool on a page that tells a reader or customer to take a specific step.For example, it could be a button labeled “Order Now” or “Add to Cart.” CTAs are important in calling your customers to carry out steps to further their transactions on your page. CTAs can tell readers to take other steps such as clicking a link or button to “Like”, “Share”, subscribe to the mailing list or follow on a social media page.So, what does it mean to have a “Personalized” Call-To-Action? This is to have a CTA customized to an individual or customer. This is important to make your customers feel at home when visiting your store.They are not worried about having unnecessary CTAs while on your site. They get the feeling of visiting a physical store where a store attendant knows how to treat their needs and walk them over the all store based on whether they are first-timers or loyal customers.To get results from taking this step will rely on how you maximize or deploy CTAs effectively on your site. First, you have to add your users into different segments to cater for this.For example, you can develop different email campaigns for direct paying clients and unconverted leads (have different email lists). The direct paying customers get a link to a different landing page and the leads get another link where they can be persuaded into making purchases.However, you should note that it does not necessarily address each individual visitor separately. Rather, it takes into account where they are in your sales funnel. While studying the use of over 93000 CTAs, HubSpot found that personalizing the CTA text based on whether users are visitors, leads, or paying customers increased conversion rates.This study and business decision resulted in converting 42-percent more visitors into leads for HubSpot.So, if you are thinking of increasing the pace of your online conversion rates, you can consider implementing personalized CTAs as it increases leads and subsequently results in more sales. 11. FOCUS ON YOUR AUDIENCE’S FAVORITE PLATFORMS  Are your social media activities not existing? If yes, then wake-up â€" this is the Social Media Century. If your brand is not yet very active on social media, I can categorically tell that you are missing a whole lot of sale s. A whole lot.But you could get started immediately by amassing data on the sites your customers visit and concentrate on reaching out.There are over hundreds of social media platforms and it is most likely that your clients would be spread across. Do not dissipate your energy and resources trying to play catch up with them all.Focus on where your strongest customer signal is. You need to get your brand, image imprinted on the sands of that platform. So strong that it is almost impossible for them not to notice each day they log on.For instance, you can focus on Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter if you deliver products like jewelry, handbags, cakes etc. Social Media Strategist Peg Fitzpatrick says,“It’s better to be amazing at one or two social platforms than suck on five or six.”Perform a short survey of which platforms host the highest concentration of your clients. Establish your content marketing and target advertisement on these identified platforms and you are good to go !Below are additional tips to make this work effectively.Use the same hashtag across different platformsCreate flash salesOffer couponsPin a contestGenerate leads through giveawaysPromote free shippingGo mobileIncrease exposure of your social media sites on your pagesPost pictures12. REDUCE FRICTION IN THE CHECKOUT PROCESS  I once visited an online store to order jewelry for someone dear to me.The checkout process was so tedious that I had to abandon the cart and move to another online store where I got my product easily.A difficult checkout process is arguably one of the easiest ways to lose sales. According to Business Insider, approximately $4 TRILLION worth of online merchandise was abandoned in incomplete shopping carts in 2015, of which 63% was potentially recoverable. I can guarantee that you do not want to be a major shareholder in such statistic.Your check out process is crucial for user experience.Do you have a direct and easy to comprehend check out process?Once there are glitches, unwanted links, site errors on a purchaser’s check out process, it creates impatience and subsequent abandonment. Unlike a physical store where the attendant may plead with the customer to stay back or quickly sort out the issues with check out, this is not the case with online stores.If your check out process is complicated nobody gains, nobody wins â€" except the next online store that was wise enough to simplify theirs.What are your payment options? Do you have a wide variety of payment choices?If not, you need to implement this ASAP.Add all on one page like a form and once the customer fills the option he/she desires, the details of the account appear immediately, so they can make the payment and log out with ease. We all want ease when shopping.Research by the Baymard Institute showed that 28% of the cases of cart abandonment are due to a complicated or extended checkout process.To eliminate unnecessary steps in your check out process and make it seamless include o nly necessary steps and clicks. That way you can be assured you have avoided the risk of cart abandonment because of your checkout process.CONCLUDING REMARKSIf you have already implemented some of the tips above, you can still expend them or try new ones, as there is plenty of rooms for improvement.Most giant online stores have already implemented these approaches and continue to do so until today. You can be the next giant online store to emerge with an increase in your sales.Also, remember not to focus on just the short-term approaches and results. Plan, prepare and implement.  If you had the guts to start up an online store, you definitely have what it takes to make your online business a mega online shop. Get on with these tips and enjoy your dream becoming true.

Marine View With A Sunset - 1160 Words

The painting â€Å"marine view with a sunset†, also known as â€Å"Argenteuil basin at sunset† , was created by Claude Monet in 1875, when he lived in Argenteuil, France. During that period, Monet experimented new painting concepts and techniques. In order to create dynamic natural landscapes, he tried to concern more about compositional elements, such as position of forms and focal point. And this painting provides a special color combination. Monet depicted a warm sunset over the river surrounding by clouds, in which the spreading orange sunset, cloudy blue sky and dark green bush blended together. This painting gives a strong settled background with pleasure boating scene. In 1870s, when Monet at his middle age, he was an indefatigable traveler†¦show more content†¦He gave us a strike contrast, of subject, of scale, of hue and of course of facture. When the viewer look at the upper part of this image, they will be attracted by a marvelous warm sunset and shocked by how Monet depicted the fleet sunset, the moment that the sun went down to the skyline. It is undeniable that the whole scene is a harmony of natural color. The viewers could roughly see the transition of warm color, in which the purple light at the very edge slowly change to light orange in the central point. All the movements of the color are captured by Monet in a short period of time, which is the goal of impressionist. Meanwhile, people could even see several details that dark-color strokes jump over the light-color strokes, in which illustrates the different thickness of clouds in the sky. In the Monet’s Impression sunrise, everything look serine and he didn’t spe nd much time on shape the clouds. He used long thick stroke with mixing color to fill the sky to create a foggy morning, in which people can barely identify the depth of the sky. However, in the â€Å"marine view with sunset†, which was drawn at a clear nightfall, the clouds are pretty dynamic. There are different length and thickness of brush strokes on this painting. At the top left of the sky, the overlapping purple strokes are intensive, which shows how the sunlight shoots through the cloud and reflects on the sky. And these curving grey strokes around the warm color looks like the shadow ofShow MoreRelatedComparing Two Cultures As An Insider1273 Words   |  6 PagesProvince are people of faith, simplicity and hard work. With the mass of the population of the Islamic faith, prayer commences 5 times a day, which is the second pillar (Salaah) of the Islamic faith. Daily chores start as early as sunrise and end at sunset and include bringing fresh water to the house from s urrounding wells, crop upkeep and bartering with neighbors for common materials. 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Descartes vs Locke Essay - 1191 Words

Philosophy Essay (Descartes vs. Locke) Socrates once said, â€Å"As for me, all I know is that I know nothing.† Several philosophers contradicted Socrates’ outlook and believed that true knowledge was in fact attainable. This epistemological view however had several stances to it, as philosophers held different beliefs in regards to the derivation of true knowledge. Rationalists believed that the mind was the source of true knowledge, while in Empiricism, true knowledge derived from the senses. Rene Descartes, a rationalist, and John Locke, an empiricist, were prime examples of epistemologists who were seen to differentiate greatly within each of their philosophies. However, although Descartes and Locke’s ideas did contrast in that sense,†¦show more content†¦Primary qualities, however, are objective and include aspects such as an object’s height and weight (Paquette 212). Through this, Locke claimed that the existence of objects can be made certain due to the primary qualities it pos sesses (Paquette 212). Similar to Descartes, Locke believed in a sense of existence. However, in his view, the facts from the primary qualities proved the object exists because the object exists within itself (Paquette 212). Descartes and Locke also believed in some sense of the external world. Descartes claimed that there is in fact an external world, however it does not exist outside people’s minds (Paquette 206). Since Descartes was a rationalist, he believed that the only method to acquire true knowledge was solely through the mind (Moore 2002). Through the process of doubting existence, Descartes realized that the mind exists (Paquette 205). He went further into thought and concluded that since he, an imperfect person, has knowledge of perfection, something perfect has to exist to have put that knowledge in his mind. From there he claimed the existence of God (Newman 2010). Descartes then stated that a perfect god would not deceive his people, indicating that the material world exists (Newman 2010). Therefore through this thinking process, Descartes came to the conclusion that the real world is of the mind, and the external world is everything else that falls into the material worldShow MoreR elatedDescartes vs. Locke1175 Words   |  5 PagesPhilosophy Essay (Descartes vs. Locke) Socrates once said, â€Å"As for me, all I know is that I know nothing.† Several philosophers contradicted Socrates’ outlook and believed that true knowledge was in fact attainable. This epistemological view however had several stances to it, as philosophers held different beliefs in regards to the derivation of true knowledge. Rationalists believed that the mind was the source of true knowledge, while in Empiricism, true knowledge derived from the senses. ReneRead MoreEssay on Descartes vs Locke1257 Words   |  6 Pagesby experience, observation, and sensory perception. Renà © Descartes and John Locke, both seventeenth century philosophers, are often seen as two of the first early modern philosophers. Both Descartes and Locke attempt to find answers to the same questions in metaphysics and epistemology; among these: What is knowledge? Is there certainty in knowledge? What roles do the mind and body play in the acquisition of knowledge? Descartes and Locke do not provide the same answers to these questions. In thisRead MoreCartesian Rationalism Vs. Locke s Empiricism Essay1632 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY Cartesian rationalism vs. Locke’s empiricism Rene Descartes was a rationalist who believed that knowledge of the world can be gained by the exercise of pure reason, while empiricist like Locke believed that knowledge of the world came through senses. Descartes from his meditations deduced from intuitive first principles the existence of self, of God, of the mind as a thinking substance and the extended body as a material substance whereas Locke, asserts that knowledge is acquired throughRead MoreEssay about Rationalism and Empiricism1486 Words   |  6 Pagesare most likely the two most famous and intriguing schools of philosophy. The two schools deal specifically with epistemology, or, the origin of knowledge. Although not completely opposite, they are often considered so, and are seen as the Jordan vs. Bird of the philosophy world. The origins of rationalism and empiricism can be traced back to the 17th century, when many important advancements were made in scientific fields such as astronomy and mechanics. These advance ments were most likelyRead MoreEssay about Child Development, Nature vs Nurture801 Words   |  4 Pagespsychology. The debate centers on the relative contributions ofgenetic inheritance  and  environmental factors  to human development. Some philosophers such as Plato and Descartes suggested that certain things are inborn, or that they simply occur naturally regardless of environmental influences. Other well-known thinkers such as John Locke believed in what is known as  tabula rasa, which suggests that the mind begins as a blank slate. According to this notion, everything that we are and all of our knowledgeRead MoreLocke’s Qualities vs. Berkeley’s Idealism754 Words   |  4 PagesLocke’s Qualities vs. Berkeley’s Idealism In the modern period of philosophy, around the 16th and 17th century, after the fall of Rome and the rise of the dark years, three major events had occurred. The first began with the scientific revolution, where many philosophers were becoming scientist, such as the philosopher of science Francis Bacon. The next event was the resurgence of skepticism, where one questions everything until they discover the truth. For instance, the philosopher famous forRead MoreNature Vs Nurture Essay882 Words   |  4 PagesNature vs Nurture The discussion about nature and nurture can be considered one of the oldest problems in psychology, the main question of which is: Are human traits present at birth or are they developing through experience? (Meyers, 2013). The natural side of the discussion asserts that the facial features and the way of their development strictly through DNA and genetics are transmitted by parents and grandparents. The nurture side of the debate argues that we are born with a clean list andRead MoreThe Principles Of Empiricism And The Spirit Behind It2295 Words   |  10 Pagesand the problems it gave rise to. Locke, John, An Essay concerning human understanding, Everyman, 1961: Book 1, of Innate ideas, Book 2, chapter 1, of ideas in general and their original, Berkeley, George, A treatise concerning the principles of human knowledge. Empiricists endorse the idea that we have no source of knowledge in S or for the concepts we use in S other than sense experience. This radical way of thinking began in the 17th century, with John Locke often regarded as the â€Å"father of BritishRead MoreCritically Compare How the Nature-Nurture Debate Has Been Addressed by Three Different Researchers or Schools or Thought in Psychology and/or Philosophy. at Least One of the Researchers/Schools Must Have Been Active Before the 20th Century.2285 Words   |  10 Pagesbehaviour is a result of life experiences that mould and change through one’s life such as how one is reared by their parents, what one is educated in school and one’s culture. The nature vs. nurture debate can be traced all the way to 13th century France and to a manuscript, Silence. 17th century philosopher Descartes was also a major influence on nature and nurture debate and argued that we do not come into the world completely void of any conceptions about it. On the other spectrum to his line ofRead MoreThe Republicn and a Brief History of Philosphy1763 Words   |  7 PagesSecondary to that there is truth, this idea is one that the main character struggles with the most throughout the film. As the film opens we are introduced to each character and their current spouse. All seems to be well other than the normal husband vs. in law rivalry, some may say that portrayal of life seems reasonable. What we find out as the film progresses is that the problems within these couples goes deeper than the traditional family feud. The main character Judah is having an affair with

The Wonderful Wizard of Oz Free Essays

The Wonderful Wizard of Oz The year of 1939 was a great year for classical movie lovers. With Gone with the Wind, Mr.. We will write a custom essay sample on The Wonderful Wizard of Oz or any similar topic only for you Order Now Smith goes to Washington, Withering Heights, and The Wizard of Oz. This year during the Great Depression gave us more classics than most years combined. The Great Depression was one of the mall reasons behind the making of all of these movies; the dark and bleak times needed a getaway, a place to escape to where ones troubles don’t matter, the movies were that getaway. On average sixty- one percent of America went to the movies at least once a week, and It Is not very art to believe, looking at the movies from that time. People were enthralled by the new color movies, the first being Snow White and the Seven Dwarves, by Walt Disney which was made two years earlier. It had been a major hit, and MGM wanted to get Into the Lime-light given off by Idleness great success. That Is one of the reasons behind his making of The Wizard of Oz. The Wizard of Oz Is a timeless classic based off of the popular 1900 children’s book written by L. Frank Bum. The book’s actual title is The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. It came from a widely popular hillside’s book series based on the fantastical Land of Oz. Some say this story is a parody on the movement started by William Jennings Bryant. He believed in the value of silver, and the importance of the factory workers, and farmers of the industrial revolution. This translated into Bum’s books, bringing the name Oz to this land, the abbreviation for ounces, Oz. The witch of the east represents the bankers of the east, ruining lives, and the west was the west coast elite. The good Fairy Glenda of the north, represents the north and the south, The industrial workers of he north, and the farmers of the south. The yellow brick road originates from the gold standard. Dorothy Silver, turned ruby in the film, slippers represent the opportunity, and prosperity and hope behind silver, how if used as a currency America could flourish. The scarecrow represents farmers, they have the conviction, but they couldn’t think for themselves being ‘simple-minded’. The Tin Man stands for the Industrial workers, rusted and without conviction; while the Cowardly Lion stands for William Jennings Bryan himself, his roar being loud and heard often, while he had title to nothing political power. The Wizard of Oz, representing the president. Drowning the witch of the west, the Wizard of Oz leaves In a Hot Alarm balloon, leaving the Scarecrow in charge of the great emerald city, which Is translated over to be Washington, and the Tin Man, the west. The greatest new Invention by Walt Disney, the color film, was all the rage. The very first color movie ever had been Snow White and the Seven Dwarves. It was a major hit, Disney had gained popularity with his Short animations, first Oswald the Lucky Rabbit, then with the more well known Mackey mouse, after Oswald had gotten swindled from him by one of his co-workers. MGM wanted to get into that popularity, and the major cash involved with making color movies at the time. So he went to find a good director, and a good story. He found that in Victor Fleming, and The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. By semimonthlies combined. The Great Depression was one of the main reasons behind the making of where ones troubles don’t matter, the movies were that getaway. On average sixty- one percent of America went to the movies at least once a week, and it is not very onto the Lime-light given off by Disney’s great success. That is one of the reasons books actual title is The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. It came from a widely popular but they couldn’t think for themselves being ‘simple-minded’. The Tin Man stands for the industrial workers, rusted and without conviction; while the Cowardly Lion stands Drowning the witch of the west, the Wizard of Oz leaves in a Hot Air balloon, leaving the Scarecrow in charge of the great emerald city, which is translated over to be The greatest new invention by Walt How to cite The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, Papers

History Repeats Itself Essay Research Paper History free essay sample

History Repeats Itself Essay, Research Paper History Repeats Itself History repeats itself. This construct applies non merely within the kingdom of a remarkable state # 8217 ; s history but throughout and between states. That is to state, that what one state endures, throughout its economic and political history, may be compared to and be strikingly similar to that of many other states. As we analyze societal alteration thought the universe we have noticed a cyclical form of histories, both economic and political, in the states of Spain, Holland, Britain, and the United States. I.Historical Periodization: Throughout history and during alternating clip periods, states have grown from lame entities, defeated by or ruled by the regulating constructions of foreign states, to powerful states. Between the fifteenth and the sixteenth century, SPAIN ruled as a great power among other states. Its imperium began when, in 1492, Spain financed Columbus # 8217 ; s expeditions and geographic expeditions to suppress district in the New World. Once it held its new established district, Spain relied on the inflow of gold and Ag from the New World. Spain was the first state to get down an imperium and accordingly started a tendency. Once HOLLAND gained their independency from Spanish regulation, at the beginning of the seventeenth century, it moved on to go a great power. Holland had relied on seafaring and the economic success of Amsterdam until around 1620. # 8220 ; By mid-century, nevertheless, they had used their proficient edification and control of critical altogether trade goods to construct successful industries. . . and supported by Holland # 8217 ; s businessperson virtuousnesss, trading distinction and recognition, Dutch manufactures shortly dominated a figure of European markets # 8221 ; ( BP 198 ) . Holland remained in power until its diminution began in the center of the 18th century. In 1750, the Dutch started losing European markets but continued as the figure one market state in Europe. The British moved in where the Dutch had been. Great BRITAIN reached great highs in the center of the 18th century. Get downing out as the place of the Industrial Revolution, Britain was considered the workshop of the universe. However, by the 1890 # 8217 ; s Britain was losing land in the planetary market of fabrication, specifically to the United States and Germany. The UNITED STATES, is the youngest of the states studied in this essay, which became a major power at the terminal of World War I, and since so has experienced both additions and diminutions in power. Since the 1920 # 8217 ; s until present twenty-four hours The United States has moved from an agricultural society to an industrial society as many moved from the rural countries into the urban countries and the metropoliss. II.Geographic Scope: When it was an imperium, SPAIN had control over many states, including South America, Mexico, Latin America, and the Philippines. Not merely did Spain conquer new land during its zenith, but it combined much of Europe under one regulation as the Hapsburg Empire when it united the Crowns of Castile, Leon, and Aragon. # 8220 ; Besides opening much of America, sixteenth-century Spain was besides governing a Hapsburg imperium that extended beyond the Iberian Peninsula to Flanders, Germany, Austria and Italy, # 8221 ; during its rapid internationalisation ( BP 216 ) . After the brotherhood of the Spanish Crowns and the rise of the Hapsburg Empire, Madrid experienced a major addition in its population, as what frequently occurs when a new universe political capital comes into being. # 8220 ; The new imperial capital mushroomed from a population of 4,000 in 1530 to 35,000 in 1594 and at least 100,000 in the mid-1600 # 8217 ; s before melting once more when the great yearss were over # 8221 ; ( AC 31 ) . While the Dutch was in war with Spain it accepted assorted sorts of people, such as the Jews and the Huguenots, and finally acquired a huge imperium. Although HOLLANDS kingdom was comparably smaller to that of Spains, its sphere included the United Provinces, New York, New Amsterdam, and the East Indies. # 8220 ; The purest governmental civilization was in the Hague, which, after quadrupling its population, was the lone major Dutch metropolis to go on turning during the state # 8217 ; s diminution in the mid- and late-eighteenth century # 8221 ; ( AC 64 ) . The imperium of GREAT BRITAIN is unparalleled by any other in that it encompassed one 4th of the universe. Its legion English-speaking settlements, which come from around the universe, include Canada, British Australia, India, and New Zealand. The Realm of the UNITED STATES is huge and was acquired when the land on the continent was taken from the Native Americans and redistributed. III.Impact of The Political Order on The Economic Order: IV. A political order is composed of those establishments within which people addition, wield and influence distributions of power and an economic order is composed of those establishments within which people organize land, labour, and capital for the production and distribution of goods and services ( Flint ) . # 8220 ; In states, the political and economic ripening procedures are non the same and do non travel at the same gait. Great economic powers have frequently grown in moving ridges # 8211 ; early accent on agribusiness, ship building, fishing, or excavation, so a move to fabrication, so a displacement from fabricating to fiscal services # 8221 ; ( AC 21-22 ) . # 8220 ; A important portion of what overtook each of these states was the outgrowth of finance, debt and an investor or rentier category within their respective societies, as the boureois accent on fabrication and trade diminished # 8221 ; ( BP 203 ) . Manufacturing potency was unde rcut when an inflow of Gold and Silver from the New World bombarded SPAIN in the 16th century. As its wealth steadily increased, Spain relied on other states to bring forth the goods it needed and caused it to lose sight of difficult work. Spain went from being supportive to parasitic as # 8220 ; reformists in early seventeenth # 8211 ; century Madrid put the ratio of parasites to existent productive workers every bit high as 30:1 # 8243 ; ( AC 39 ) . In the terminal, # 8220 ; narrow pecuniary wealth, irresponsible finance and an indolent rentier category were of import in the diminution that was taking clasp in Spain 1 hundred to one hundred fifty old ages after Columbus # 8217 ; s ocean trips # 8221 ; ( BP 205 ) . Due to its thrify methods HOLLAND rapidly emerged as a centre of universe commercialism. Engineering, fabrication, and angling industries gave manner to of all time increasing export markets and fiscal establishments that dominated the European market. However, this disrupted the economic and societal polarisation. Foreign investings, such as the East India Company, took capitol off from Holland and did small to better its unemployment jobs. Hollands financialization, like that of Great Britain, caused it to travel from supportive to parasitic, as good. As a consequence of its Industrial Revolution, GREAT BRITAIN dominated the steel and fabric industries and its merchandiser Mariness was the largest in the universe. As it accomplished its universe broad trade and fabrication flood tide it witnessed the visual aspect of a considerable rentier category. Britain, excessively followed its predecessors and as its annual foreign investings increased it turned to stocks and portions as opposed to an earned income. Most of its capitol was invested overseas in states that competed with Britain. United kingdoms financialization did non do London to lose its topographic point as the centre of universe commercialism and in fact, # 8220 ; it was non transformed into a governmental parasite complex # 8221 ; ( AC 64 ) . After World War II, # 8220 ; the one-year figures nominally returned to prewar degrees, but adjusted to rising prices they were much lower- and Britain besides staggered under the weight of $ 13 billion of new external liabilities # 8221 ; ( BP 208 ) . Between 1790 and 1990 The UNITED STATES transformed from an agricultural to an industrial to a fiscal society. Most late, the United States has disregarded its fabrication industries, extinguishing many occupations, and relied upon financialization, which unluckily, merely benefits a little elite. Furthermore, abroad investings be the United States citizens their occupations and additions economic polarisation. V.Optional: VI.Households and Social Stratification: All of the aforesaid states had fell # 8220 ; from their middle-class zeniths when fabrication, trade, patriotism and businessperson spirit gave manner to # 8220 ; financialization # 8221 ; # 8211 ; the conglomerating influence of finance, authorities debt, unearned income, rentiers, abroad investings, domestic economic polarisation and societal stratification # 8221 ; ( BP 193-194 ) . By the early 1600 # 8217 ; s SPAINS economic system had polarized when the gold from Mexico and Peru ran out. The in-between category that existed in Spain was really little as the polarisation resulted in fundamentally a entirely elitist and peasant society. With concern about the licking of the Spanish Armada, a pestilence, and failed crops, Spains economic reformists attempted to # 8220 ; reconstruct fabrication and the in-between category while cutting authorities occupations and scattering the parasites of the tribunal # 8221 ; ( AC 84 ) . HOLLAND # 8217 ; S financialization brought about both economic and societal polarisation. # 8220 ; As for the Dutch, their mid # 8211 ; 18th century opinion coteries were confronted by a motion called the Patriots, which attacked nepotism, corruptness, and moral decay and called for a full return to old autonomies and values # 8221 ; ( AC 92 ) . The in-between category ordinary common people of both Spain and Holland were left with nil from their state # 8217 ; s zenith. As financialization occurred in GREAT BRITAIN the spread between the in-between category and the rich increased. The in-between category in Britain deteriorated as the fabrication declined and the rewards decreased. During the 1890 # 8217 ; s the mean household # 8217 ; s buying power was come ining a two-decade period of stagnancy or diminution while the fiscal sector boomed and the rich grew of all time richer # 8221 ; ( AC 82 ) . During World War I, fabricating boomed once more but one time postwar world set in British fabrication began to worsen once more. In Great Britain polarisation was reversed by redistribution of income, socialism, and welfarism. This benefited the center and lower # 8211 ; in-between category citizens but injury the elite. In the UNITED STATES at the terminal of the # 8220 ; Roaring Twenties # 8221 ; , when the stock market crashed, the major fiscal establishments were left to neglect and decease out. When the bubble of the 1980 # 8217 ; s explosion, nevertheless, the United States authorities bailed out the companies and caused the state to travel into economic diminution, shortage, and destroy the budget. The # 8220 ; Roaring Twenties # 8221 ; , and the # 8220 ; Anxious 1980 # 8217 ; s # 8221 ; are illustrations of rises and ulterior diminutions of economic and political prosperity and power. Decline in the United States is happening on both an economic and societal degree. America has witnessed a rapid centralisation at the place of federal power and a capital more influenced by involvement groups than by electors. # 8220 ; Imperial capitals don # 8217 ; t become ill-famed until they display wealth and develop serious, parasitic elites, non true of Washington until it came of age in the late 1960 # 8217 ; s and 1970 # 8217 ; s # 8221 ; ( AC 29 ) . # 8220 ; There is no point in softening words. Aging great-power capitals frequently become parasitic civilizations # 8221 ; ( AC xix ) .

Psycho Essays (391 words) - English-language Films, Psycho

Psycho Ryan McLeod Comp Lit 271 Psycho Response Section AD Being the props/set designer for the parlor scene in Psycho was a very intriguing task. Originally, boring old Hitchcock wanted to put some stuffed birds in the Norman's parlor, but lucky for me, and the film, he was sick that day. I liked the idea of Bates being a taxidermist in his spare time, but I wanted to elaborate on that idea a bit more. Instead of putting just birds in the parlor, I decided to put pictures of embalmed bodies on the wall, stuffed ape heads, along with some feministic interior decorations. The reason for the photos of embalmed bodies is to give not only Marion a creepy feeling of what Norman is all about, but also the audience. We learn later in the film that he has embalmed his mother in the house so I thought that some pictures of acts such as this would be appropriate, especially for foreshadowing. The stuffed ape heads is my favorite idea of mine over Hitchcock's dumb birds idea because an ape head looks very similar to a human head. Again, this would give the scene a very creepy feeling and offer to the audience that Norman Bates is not your average Joe. Anyone who would participate, or maybe practice stuffing heads of apes that look similar to a human head shows to the audience that they are unusual and seem to enjoy to preserve creatures, or mothers for that matter. Overall, to make the scene much more interesting, I decorated the room with flowered wall paper, baskets filled with potpourri, and other little ?womanish? things such as flowers and antique plates and spoons. Ultimately, Bates put these things in the parlor while he was in his mother's state of mind, but the important thing is, is that the audience does not know he has two personalities and therefore would wonder why this man has stuffed ape heads, pictures of embalmed dead bodies that are curiously surrounded with ?Old Woman?-type wallpaper and decorations. Hitchcock was on to something with the birds idea, but I feel that my additions to mise-en-scene revolving arou nd the parlor scene fit the image of Norman Bates more accurately and will ultimately make the film more interesting and the foreshadowing will be that much better to the audience. Movies and Television

20 CCOT Essay Topics on Advertising in Cultural History

20 CCOT Essay Topics on Advertising in Cultural History The importance of choosing an essay topic you truly understand and are able to work on cannot be overstated when the task at hand is writing a continuity and change-over-time essay (CCOT). This is because of the technical details that must be considered when writing such an essay. To explain further, when writing a CCOT essay, the student must pay attention to the time periods of his subject matter such as when certain things had occurred, analyse the changes since then as well as areas where continuity has been noted. This means that a CCOT essay on advertising in cultural history must first go about discussing the history of an advertising medium or concept, proceed to discussing how the advertising medium or concept has changed over time as well as the factors that influenced these changes. Lastly, one must employ the use of the chosen historical concept to show the change and continuities that occurred over time. As you can see, writing a CCOT essay tests the student research and writing abilities in multiple ways. Therefore to successfully write your essay, you will need concrete and continuous facts to make your arguments and these facts can be found in this article on the 10 CCOT essay facts and advertising in cultural history. This article is intended to simplify your task in choosing a topic once your initial research has been completed and these are the 20 topics for today. 20 essay topics on advertising in cultural history: Historical Context in Advertising and its Growth Over Time Exploring the Similarities between Ancient and Modern Advertising Techniques Ancient and Modern Advertising: Comparing and Contrasting Techniques The Invention of New Media and Advertising History The Role of Media Inventions in Revolutionizing Advertising Discussing the Effectiveness of Billboards as an Advertising Tool A Study on Advertising and its Continuous Growth Analyzing Salesmanship in Print and New Media The Evolution of Advertising Making Sense of Advertisement and its Application Through the Ages The Origin of Branding and Its Effects on Society A Historical Analysis of Advertising and Women Objectification The Ever-Changing Face of Advertising in the Non-Profit Sector Comparing Online Advertising Reach to Print Media Children as Consumers: Studying Advertising Demographics Historical and Modern Analysis of Sexism in Advertising Shaping the American Woman: Feminism and Advertising in the US A Study on Advertising to Kids in the 21st Century The History and Evolution of the Advertising Industry Analyzing the Public Perception of Advertising through its History Here we come to the end of the 20 topics we believe should inspire you to write excellently on the topic of advertising in cultural history. These topics will be preceded by a CCOT essay developed from a topic chosen off this list. This written essay on the historical and modern analysis of sexism in advertising would provide some direction on how you should go about drafting yours in such a manner that guarantees you top marks. Sample CCOT Essay: Historical and Modern Analysis of Sexism in Advertising The time tested phrase ‘sex sells’ has played a huge role in advertising and marketing through the years as advertising firms fought to get consumers using products regardless of the morality of long-reaching effects of marketing campaigns. In the 90s advertising had witnessed an upsurge as more people became financially capable of purchasing consumer goods and sex was used in advertisement as a means to an end. As time passed, feminism and the increased social awareness of the average individual wrought some changes on the phrase and my essay will attempt to analyse the changes in advertising sexism and the roles society played in pushing these changes. With the advent of print media came a corresponding increase in advertising and in 1911, the first sexualized advert in the United States was created. This Woodbury Facial Soap advertisement named ‘A Skin You Love to Touch’, showed young women reclining on sofa’s while men ogled over the condition of their skin. A corresponding advert by Marlboro in 1955 created sexualized pictures of the ideal man and his smoking habits. Needless to say, these adverts led to highly increased sales of both products using subliminal messages to shape public perceptions. These adverts opened the floodgates and in the late 90s, the female form became the hallmark object for the advertising industry but this practice did not go unchallenged for long. In 1960, feminist groups were the first organized body of individuals to bring to the public’s notice the harmful effect of creating a pseudo perfect human appearance could have on an individual’s psyche. They pointed out how the use of models pushed women to pursue unrealistic goals and how glamorising smoking and alcohol intake led others into developing unhealthy vices. As more people became aware of how manipulative and sexist modern advertising trends were becoming, certain limitations were set by the (EPA) on the acceptable advert forms that can be displayed on both print and video media platforms. Some of these measures included the publishing and highlighting of the dangers of smoking in cigarettes advertisements as well as the viewership age restriction system on video ads. These checks on the excesses of traditional advertising formats that promoted sexism were positive to an extent for they reduced over sexualisation of the female form as well as what was considered appropriate to be shown on television. But despite this progress, forms of sexism in the advertising industry still continue as the female form is still been used to sell jewellery, clothing, sport items and perfumes. The advent of the internet as the new platform for advertising has also sprung some challenges for just about anyone can create and advertisement and there are no real ways to counter the use of inappropriate or sexist materials on the World Wide Web. In conclusion, sex still sells and it would take a concerted effort from both government organizations and stakeholders in the advertising industry to truly tackle the far-reaching effects of sexism. The above essay was written as a CCOT essay on advertising in cultural history. The last article in this series is written in tutorial form and provides tips on how to write a great CCOT essay on advertising in cultural history. References: Mustapha Momoh, M. (2013). Effect of Demographic Variables on Information Seeking Behaviour of Company Advertising Strategies in North-Eastern Nigeria. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 9(3), pp.46-51. Dahlà ©n, M. Edenius, M. (2007). When is Advertising Advertising? Comparing Responses to Non-Traditional and Traditional Advertising Media. Journal of Current Issues Research in Advertising, 29(1), pp.33-42. CURTIS, R. (1986). Product Identification and Advertising on Roman Commercial Amphorae. Ancient Society, 17(0), pp.209-228. Feng, S. (2009). Talking about Ancient Chinese Commercial Advertising Styles. Asian Social Science, 5(12). Leclerc, F., Schmitt, B. and Dube, L. (1994). Foreign Branding and Its Effects on Product Perceptions and Attitudes. Journal of Marketing Research, 31(2), p.263. Cheong, Y., de Gregorio, F. and Kim, K. (2010). The Power of Reach and Frequency In the Age of Digital Advertising. Journal of Advertising Research, 50(4), pp.403-415. Sridhar, S. and Sriram, S. (2007). Is Online Newspaper Advertising Cannibalizing Print Advertising?. SSRN Electronic Journal.

Jacksonville Shipyards Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Jacksonville Shipyards - Research Paper Example One thinks that this not a problem that workers should handle among themselves. The company should intervene in such problems because it is their responsibility to free their workplace of any form of sexual harassment. The workers alone cannot resolve this issue. Yes, the treatment of Robinson is a form of sex discrimination because it created an environment which is not conducive to women. Indirectly, the treatment given to Robinson implies that women are not welcome in the shipyard. One does not agree that the male co-workers of Robinson did nothing illegal. In a court interpretation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, it stated that â€Å"employees have the right to work in an environment free from discriminatory intimidation, ridicule and insult† (Clark, 1994). Clearly, what the male co-workers did was a violation of Title VII. How was Lois Robinson harmed? No one pressured her for sexual favors, she was not denied any advancement or wage increases because of her treatment, and she did not suffer a mental breakdown. Rather, she was offended. Although Robinson was not pressured into giving sexual favors nor was she denied wage increases, nor did she suffer any mental breakdown, she was harmed. As Judge Melton ruled, there was a â€Å"visual assault on the sensibilities of female workers† in the shipyard (Lewin, 1991). Robinson was harmed because of the disrespect she suffered from her male co-workers. The harm was more of psychological and emotional. She was not treated with respect and dignity. Yes, one thinks that any employee has a right not to be offended. The workplace should be a place which is fair to all its employees regardless of sex, religion or race. The management of a company must ensure that all employees respect each others’

Possible Future Strategies for Research in Motion Essay

Possible Future Strategies for Research in Motion - Essay Example The major competitors of RIM in the segment of mobile operating system platforms comprise of Nokia Corporation (Symbian), Apple Inc (iOS), Microsoft Corporation (Windows Phone), HTC Corporation, Google Inc (Android) and Motorola (Research in Motion (a), 2012,p.9). This is a highly competitive market and in recent years RIM has experienced a progressively declining market share that has led the organization to a current crisis situation. Currently, the organization is tasked with making large-scale strategic changes or even potentially prepare for sale or takeover (De la Merced 2012). In terms of recent developments, the next generation systems (4G) like HSPA+, WiMax and LTE were commercially introduced for the first time in 2011 (Research in Motion (a), 2012, p.10).. The wireless communication industry is also observing the union of computing with personal entertainment competences on wireless communications gadgets throughout the world. In the present day market, almost all the Blac kBerry Smartphones include multimedia facilities that consist of music, playback, video recording, camera, and entrà ©e to content, games and other applications (Research in Motion (a), 2012, p.10). Increasingly, however, tablet technology has come to dominate the wireless market. The tablet, as originally released through Apple’s iPad, operates as a medium between handheld Smartphone’s and the larger-scale laptop. PEST is an ellipsis for political, economic, social, and technological analysis. The political issues in the analysis generally comprise of government policies pertaining to the industry, tax regulations, laws and policies, trade limitations and duties among others (Wheelen et al, 2008, p. 58). In comparison to other industrialised countries, the United States has the maximum corporate tax rate. The tax rates pertaining in the developing countries are much lower than that of the US, where RIM predominantly operates. A deduction in the tax rate would have en abled the management of RIM to have more cash to pay out dividends or reinvest.  

What Is Green Diesel Environmental Sciences Essay

What Is Green Diesel Environmental Sciences Essay Green Diesel, often called renewable diesel or second generation diesel, refers to petrodiesel-like fuels derived from biological sources fuels derived from biological resources (bio-resources) that are chemically not esters and thus distinct from biodiesel. The green diesel is chemically same as petrodiesel but it is made from bio-resources. Bio-resources refers to the living things (plants, animals, and others aspects of nature). It is important to society for the various services they provide, as well as problems they may create. Biological resources are grouped into those that affect agriculture, such as cultivated plants, pollinators, and pests those that are sources of scientific inputs, such as agricultural plant varieties that provide genetic resources and those that provide natural goods and services, such as wildlife, fish, and scenic beauty. Traditional measures of agricultural productivity do not capture all the benefits of preserving biological resources on private lands . Because of this, private landowners may not have adequate incentives to consider the full range of goods and services produced by the biological resources under their control. Since green diesel is produced by bio-resources, thus it is the eco-friendly and sustainable sources of fuel for vehicles. Green diesel blends follow the same nomenclature as biodiesel. Green diesel in its pure form is designated R100 while a blend comprised of 20% green diesel and 80% petrodiesel is called R20. Because green diesel is chemically the same as petrodiesel, it can be mixed with petrodiesel in any proportion but users may need to add an additive to address lubricity issue associated with compounds with no oxygen. The characteristic of green diesel compared with other fuel are shown below: Biodiesel Diesel Oxygen, % 0 11 0 Specific gravity 0.78 0.88 0.84 Sulphur, ppm Heating value, à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ °C 44 38 43 Cloud point, à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ °C -20 to 20 -5 to 15 -5 Cetane 70-90 50-65 40 Table 1.1(1) : Characteristics of Green Diesel compared with other fuel. Green diesel can be made from the same feedstock as biodiesel since both are required the tricylglycerol containing material from bio-resources. Figure 1.1(1) : Brief Renewable Fuel Creation Process Pathway However the terms green diesels have been further distinguished based on the processing method to create the fuel. The primary differences between green diesel and biodiesel are the technologies used to make the fuel and the molecules that are ultimately produced. Whereas, biodiesel is made using a chemical reaction called transesterfication. There are three different processes for creating green diesel, hydrotreating, thermal depolymerisztion, and biomass-to-liquid (BTL). Green diesel blends follow the same nomenclature as biodiesel. Green diesel in its pure form is designated R100 while a blend comprised of 20% green diesel and 80% petrodiesel is called R20. Because green diesel is chemically the same as petrodiesel, it can be mixed with petrodiesel in any proportion but users may need to add an additive to address lubricity issue associated with compounds with no oxygen. The differences between green diesel and biodiesel are shown below: Green Diesel Biodiesel Pure hydrocarbon Oxygenated hydrocarbon Production process: Hydrotreating Thermal depolymerisation Biomass-to liquid (BTL) Production process: Tranesterfication Chemically same with petrodiesel Chemically different than petrodiesel. Table 1.1(2): Comparison of Green Diesel and Bio-diesel The hydrotreating process is a process utilized by petroleum refineries today to remove contaminants such as sulphur, nitrogen, condensed ring aromatics, or metals. 1.1.2 Importance of Green Diesel from Malaysia Chemical Industry Point of View Diesel oil has good commercial value as it serve many purposes. It has many functions as below: To move the heavy road vehicles such as buses, lorries and trucks. To move motors and cars For overland shipping To move military vehicles, such as tanks Can be used in the water transportation as an alternative energy sources to move engines such as in the ships, boats and yacht As electricity backup energy sources Power generation Construction and farming equipment Removal of tar from bitumen burns They derived the diesel from crude oil, which is called petrodiesel. With sharply rising use of non-renewable feedstock (crude oil) to derive diesel has a significant impact on the production of biofuels based on the conventional method. A projected future shortage of crude oil coupled with the growing worldwide demand for transportation fuels has raised the interest in the green diesel, which chemically has the same properties as the petrodiesel but with better cetane number, which mean reduce the emission of CO2 and NOx, emission, and thus brings significant improvement on greenhouse effect, global warming and pollutions. Figure 1.1(2): Current and Future Trend of Production for Petroleum For recent studies and development of technologies show that the production of green diesel can be competitive or cost less than petroleum fuels; yield more oil per hectare of land; sequester CO2 from the flue gases emitted from fossil fuel power plants or other resources; able to similar or even outstanding performance than petroleum fuels; improvement of cold flow properties so that it cause least problem to use during winter. The advantages of green diesel compared with others type of diesel can be summarised as below: Green diesel does appear to have many advantages over the other bio-based diesels. Some of these potential advantages are summarized below: The process utilizes existing refining operations thereby eliminating the need for the immense capital investment required in the United States to produce a significant amount of biodiesel capable of truly displacing significant amounts of petroleum diesel. The fuel is produced by refineries with a long track record of safely producing high grade products thereby eliminating the uncertainty of a fuel produced by a large number of independent producers with limited experience in fuels production. The producers can utilize existing transportation and storage capacity (pipelines, tankage, trucks, etc.) thus eliminating the need for establishing a separate system. It should be noted that due to the detergent character of biodiesel, it cannot be transported or stored in existing petroleum facilities. This industry places production of a fuel in the hands of companies with significant experience with the marketing and distribution of fuel products. The process utilizes a high portion of the lipids, such as the glycerin conversion to propane. Currently green diesel appears to have similar processing cost as biodiesel. The resulting fuel appears to have more stable fluid and burn properties at low temperatures Malaysia also has her own biofuel policy. The government has announced the introduction of a National Biofuel Policy on 10 August 2005. The policy is primarily aimed at reducing the countrys fuel import bill, promoting further the demand for palm oil which will be the primary commodity for biofuel production (alongside regular diesel). One of the four strategies in Malaysias National Biofuel Policy is to encourage the use of biofuel among the public, which will involve giving out incentives for oil retail companies to provide biodiesel pumps at stations [6]. From this policy, we can conclude that our country started to pay attention to biofuels. However, with the green diesel stands out to be having more advantages than bio-diesel, the forecast of green diesel in Malaysia would be off the bright one. With all the bio-resources readily available as feedstock in the production of green diesel, definitely green diesel will be one of the most potential alternative energies utilized in the land of Malaysia. 1.1.3 The World Green Diesel Production Plants Green diesel is a new breed of fats-and-oils based renewable diesel is now increasing its presence in the global biofuels market as major players stared up new production facilities this year. Efforts are being made all over the world to replace fossil fuel. We are belatedly realized that non-renewable energy is causing us serious problems and that is the main cause to develop more alternative energy resources. Green diesel can be produced either by hydrotreating process, BTL reaction or thermal depolymerization processes. Its chemical properties are identical to petroleum diesel as compared with bio-diesel. The demand of green diesel is so much interesting but also challenging. In Malaysia, the usage of green diesel is not much significant. But, recently, there is new renewable energy pilot plant being launched by Saham Utama Sdn. Bhd. in Sungai Batu Pahat near Kangar, Perlis. The diesel is made from solid waste plastic. This can reduce the amount of plastic wastes, thereby helping to combat the effect of global warming. They have claimed that the added features would be installed to transform plastic bottles into diesel fuel. The goal is to convert any domestic waste including organic waste and liquid into commercial fuels. The engineering method used could be thermal depolymerization which similar to cracking of crude oil. In Asia, the most nearest country which recently alert about these efforts is Singapore. In November 2010, Finland-based Neste Oil started the world largest renewable diesel plant in Singapore, with a total capacity of 725 760 tonnes per year. The diesel produced is known as NExBTL, a premium-quality product with complex production technology and also more expensive than bio-diesel. It is produced by hydrotreating of the feedstock. The byproducts of the process are bio-gasoline, biogas and water. The feedstock being used is palm oil. However, Neste Oils NExBTL can also use rapeseed oil and waste animal fat from food industry. This make the technology becomes more flexible due to availability of feedstocks in the future. Neste Oil also has an intensive research on new materials for future needs. In Europe, the renewable diesel is experiencing oversupply and Neste Oil exacerbate their plant at Rotterdam in 2011. The renewable plants also could be exacerbated rising fats and oil prices because of the feedstock demand including in US. Researchers claimed that the global renewable diesel capacity totals about 665 million gallon per year today and this will grow up to 2.5 billion gallon per year in 2015, a 33% annual growth. Below is the summary list of companies that produce green diesel (worldwide): Technology Feedstock Product Commercial Entity Commercial Status Outstanding Commercial Issues Hydrotreating Animal fats or vegetable oils co-processed with petroleum diesel Hydrocarbon mixture- meets ASTM D975 Conoco Philips/ Tyson Ireland refinery producing since Dec. 2006. US announced production of 175 million gals/year expected by 2009 EPA registration Toxicity and biodegradability Hydrocarbon mixture- meets national fuel quality standards in Australia BP Australian refinery producing 5% renewable blend Animal fats/ vegetable oils Hydrocarbon mixture- meets ASTM D975 Neste oil First plant in Finland with capacity of 58 million gals/year The largest plant available in Singapore with production of 0.8 million tons/year Also located in US and Netherlands EPA registration Toxicity and biodegradability Marketplace use Hydrocarbon mixture Petrobras (Brazil, H-Bio Technology) Begin at several refineries since end of 2007 Animal fats Hydrocarbon mixture Dynamic fuels (Syntroleum/Tyson) Commercial pilot started I n 2008 Production start in 2010 Standard development EPA registration Economics Life-cycle analysis Toxicity and biodegradability Vegetable oils UOP Technology Plant constructed in 2009 Production of 95 million gals/year Biomass-to-Liquid (BTL) via gasification or Fischer-Trophs Biomass Hydrocarbon mixture JV with Choren/ Daimler-Chrysler/VW Pilot plant opened in 2007 Production 0f 4.7 million gals/year Standard development EPA registration Economics Life-cycle analysis Toxicity and biodegradability Neste Oil/ Stora Enso Pre-commercialization Syntroleum Pyrolysis-Rapid Thermal Processing Biomass, municipal and industrial waste Hydrocarbon mixture In research stage In research stage Standard development EPA registration Economics Life-cycle analysis Toxicity and biodegradability Slaughterhouse waste (animal waste), carbon containing waste Hydrocarbon mixture- meets ASTM D396, can be refined to ASTM D975 Changing World Technologies Commercial pilot plant in Missouri Production of 250 000 gals/moles of slaughterhouse waste Marketplace use Table 1.1(3): Summary list of companies in worldwide that produce green diesel 1.1.4 Emerging Energy Demands for next 10 years Malaysia is currently in the midst of rapid development. One significant sign of rapid development is the increasing trending of energy demands in the future. Not only in Malaysia, the global energy landscape is changing tremendously, but most of it is showing an upward trend. Global energy demands will be about 30 percent higher in 2040 compared to 2010, as economic output more than doubles and prosperity expands across a world whose population will grow by more than 25 percent, reaching to nearly 9 billion people. [1] Global demand for the least carbon-intensive fuels natural gas, nuclear and renewables will rise at a faster-than-average rate. C:UsersDellDesktopDesignfuture trendCapture8.PNG Figure 1.1(3): Global energy demand increases by one-third from 2010 to 2035, with China and India accounting for 50 percent of the growth in the New Policies Scenario [2] In the above graph, the main growth of energy demands more significant in China and Asia due to the increasing population and fast-paced development of the countries. Malaysia falls under the category of Other developing Asia. Similarly it also shows an incline trend due to the rapid development of industrial and economic activities in Malaysia. In order to cope with the high rising of energy, various energy policies and plan were carried out by the government. Go Green is one of the most popular concept practice in the world wide, and the term renewable and sustainable is now related to oil and gas by having renewable diesel (green diesel). Many countries in the world often started on the production of green diesel using various types of technologies such as hydro-treating or thermal depolymerisation. C:UsersDellDesktopCapture.PNG Figure 1.1(4): United State production of petroleum and other liquids by source, 2010-2035 (millions barrels per day) [3] By referring to the graph above, the total production of petroleum and other liquids grows rapidly, from 9.7 million barrels per day in 2010 to 12.1 million barrels per day in 2020. Focusing on renewable sources, prediction shows that the biofuel productions grows by 0.8 million barrels per day from 2010 to 2035 as a result of the EISA2007 RFS (Renewable Fuel Standard Program), with ethanol and biodiesel accounting for 0.7 and 0.1 billion barrels per day, respectively, of the increase in the Reference case. [3] In addition, incline trending of next-generation xTL production (including both biomass-to-liquids and CTL) contributes greatly to the growth in total production of petroleum and other liquids in U.S., especially significant after the year 2020. The significant growth of BTL reflects a good potential in the future market, and yet it is a convincing and promising source of renewable diesel. Not only on the growing capacity of green diesel production giving hopes to mankind, the continuous researches done by scientists also bring upon the increasing quality of green diesel. Before that, economic crisis and technological hurdles delay the start of numerous researches and projects on advanced biofuels, especially on cellulosic biofuel projects. However in the futures, it is expected that, EPA (Environment Protection Agency) will year-to-year evaluate the status of biofuel capacity and also revise on the production mandates for the following year. By the continuous efforts from researchers, it is foresee that BTL will reach the EISA2007 Renewable Fuel Standard after 2030. This providing a better quality or standard of green diesel produced. C:UsersDellDesktopCapture2.PNG Figure 1.1(5): EISA2007 Renewable Fuel Standard credits earned in selected years, 2010-2035 (billion credits) [3] However in Malaysia, a sad scenario is that the production of green diesel still in an infant stage. Researches and developments in experimental scales had been carried out so far, but still the production in large industrial scale is still underdeveloped. By taking reference of the forecast on oil and gas field in U.S., rough estimation on the future hope of green diesel production in Malaysia for the next 10 years can be done. The potential of green diesel in the future 10 years of view in Malaysia is consider as a bright one, and to be believed that it will slowly increasing in demands over the next 10 years. Green diesel production in Malaysia is what we are looking for in the future. Scientists and fuel specialists optimistically believe that green or renewable diesel will be one of the future trends in oil and gas production, not only in Malaysia but also in the nationwide. 1.2 PROCESS ALTERNATIVE Green diesel is being highly looked up to as one of the great hope, with its similar chemical properties similar to diesel. New ways and technologies for improvement in green diesel production are improved as time go by. Of these, three processes of green diesel production will be suggested and discussed from different aspects. 1.2.1 Production of green diesel via biomass to liquid technology and Fisher-Tropsch Process One of the alternative processes is to produce green diesel is by using Fischer-Tropsch process. It is basically a patent to produce liquid hydrocarbons from mixture of syngas, carbon monoxide gas and hydrogen using metal and cobalt catalysts. The liquid hydrocarbon mentioned here is referred to the paraffin. Normally right before the Fischer-Tropsch process is a series of gasification process of feedstock, to convert the biomass into the biogas that can be utilized to become liquid hydrocarbons, the green diesel. Let us take a look at the gasification of biomass to syngas. The biomass may undergo low temperature gasification (800 1000  °C) to produce product gas which later on converted to bio-syngas through reforming and tar cracking steps. On the other hand, the product gas (CO, H2, CH4, CxHy) may be used to generate electricity. When the organic material inside the biomass burned, it may undergo complete combustion to produce carbon dioxide and water, or it may undergo partial combustion to carbon monoxide and hydrogen. What we need for the feeds of the Fischer-Tropsch process is the carbon monoxide and hydrogen and it can be achieved by control the amount of oxygen during combustion process (gasification). Several reactions are used to control the H2/CO ratio. Most important one is water gas shift reactions, in which the water is reacted with carbon monoxide to produce sources of hydrogen that needed in the Fischer-Tropsch process. The chemical reaction of the Fischer-Tropsch process i s shown as below: http://www.fischer-tropsch.org/primary_documents/presentations/acs2001_chicago/slide03.gif Figure 1.2(1): Fischer-Tropsch Process [1] For the Fischer-Tropsch Reaction, it is normally operated with temperature range of 150 300 °C. Higher temperature will have high rate of conversion but also lead to the production of methane. Thus, the temperature is always maintained at low to middle temperature in order to remain yield of the green diesel. On the other hand, the pressure of the process is ranging from one to several tens atmospheric pressure. Higher pressure will help the reaction faster but also required more costs of operations such as high pressure equipment. We also need to know that too high pressure also can cause the metal or cobalt catalysts that used in the reaction to deactivate due to coke formation. A variety of catalysts can be used for the process such as iron, ruthenium and cobalt, depending on the aims of the operations. Figure 1.2(2): A simple concept on Fischer-Tropsch Reaction Green Chemistry and Sustainability In term of green chemistry, the use of renewable feedstock such as biomass is a sustainable way to overcome the depletion of crude oil. Biomass can be easily obtained from animal fats, agricultural wastes, soybean, woods, etc. The green diesel produced is ultralow sulfur content and the properties of the green diesel produced is very chemically similar with petrodiesel but better than it. The emission of the hazardous pollutant such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide is also 60-70% lesser. Besides that, the product off-gas produced from the process can be used in two ways; 1) addition recovery process to recover the chemicals from the byproducts and export them to other company, or 2) generate electricity which is sufficient to supply for some operations in within the plants. Environmental Impact Fischer-Tropsch process basically produces ultra clean green diesel which help in reduce the environmental issue such as global warming, greenhouse effect by reduce the emission of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide. It seems to be a great potential of alternatives to the non-renewable energy resources, the crude oil. The side products here are actually light products and also heavy products like waxes which also have high market demand and can be exported out along with the green diesel. Flexibility of Operation The production line is actually not only produce green diesel but also heavy products like waxes and also gasoline. By adjusting the operation condition, we may adjust the need to favor the production of desired products There are two favored reactor types which can be chosen depends on the operator; Multitubular fixed bed reactor with internal cooling and also slurry bubble column reactor with internal cooling tubes. The process not only limited to the oil as feedstock but also may use the renewable feedstock such as biomass and animal fats. Energy Consumption The energy consumption of this technology is mostly depends on the gasification process whereby it consumed 60-70% of the energy of the whole plant. For high temperature mode (HTFT), the operating temperature is between 300 and 350 °C while operating pressure can be ranging from one to several tens of atmospheric pressure. On the other hand, for low temperature mode (LTFT), the operating temperature is between 200 and 240  °C with operating pressure of 1 to 10atm. Advantages No nitrogenous, sulfur compounds formed during the reaction High cetane number can be obtained (75 90% higher than that required for petrochemical derived diesel fuel) Carbon neutral process Products off-gas can be used to generate electricity which enough for the operation of the plant. Disadvantages FT process is very complex in its reaction mechanism and several studies need to be carry out to maximize the productivity of green diesel from the process Large number of species involved in the reaction and extra care is needed in the plant design The present catalyst is not good enough to maximize the yield of the green diesel Extra process needed to convert the waxes formed from the FT process into green diesel (which mean extra cost!) The cost of green diesel produced from the process may be more expensive than the diesel produced from the crude oil Table 1.2 (1): Key Components of Fischer-Tropsch Reaction 1.2.2 Production of green diesel via Thermal Depolymerisation Process Thermal depolymerisation (TDP) is an industrial process that able to break down and convert various type of biomass or other carbon-containing material into a bio-oil product that is then refined into a petrodiesel-like fuel. Thermal depolymerisation involves a depolymerisation process using hydrous pyrolysis for the reduction of complex organic materials (usually waste products of various sorts, often biomass and plastic) into light crude oil. The process is found to be similar to the natural geological processes thought to be involved in the production of fossil fuels. Long chain polymers of hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon decompose into short-chain petroleum hydrocarbons with a maximum length of around 18 carbons under the application of heat and pressure. [1] The list of TDP suitable feedstocks are extensive and flexible, including waste plastic, tires, wood pulp, medical waste, and rather unsavoury byproducts such as turkey offal and sewerage sludge. Changing World Technologies (CWT) are currently utilizing this method to process slaughterhouse waste and other carbon containing solid waste to create a fuel that can meet the standards of both ASTM D396 and ASTM D975. [2] c:usersdelldesktopdesigntdtcp.gif Figure 1.2(3): Thermal depolymerisation process to produce renewable diesel. In the method used by CWT, the water improves the heating process and contributes hydrogen to the reactions. The feedstock material is first break down into small chunks, and mixed with water (if it is dry). Then it is fed into a pressure vessel reaction chamber, heated to around 250  °C at constant volume (similar principal to a pressure cooker). Steam naturally raises the pressure to 4 MPa (near the point of saturated water) and is held for approximately 15 minutes to heat the mixture completely. After this, the pressure is rapidly released to flash off most of the water content in the feedstock, resulting a mixture of crude hydrocarbons and solid minerals. The minerals are later removed, and the hydrocarbons are channel to a second-stage reactor to heat up to 500  °C in order to further breaking down the longer hydrocarbon chains. The hydrocarbons are then sorted by fractional distillation, in a process similar to conventional oil refining. CWT claims that 15 to 20% of feedstock energy is used to provide energy for the plant. The remaining energy is available in the converted product. Working with turkey offal as the feedstock, the process proved to have yield efficiencies of approximately 85%; in other words, the energy contained in the end products of the process is 85% of the energy contained in the inputs to the process (most notably the energy content of the feedstock, but also including electricity for pumps and natural gas or woodgas for heating). The process breaks down almost all materials that are fed into it. TDP even efficiently breaks down many types of hazardous materials, such as poisons and difficult-to-destroy biological agents such as prions. The light hydrocarbons that are produced by TDP can be used fuel sources, filters and fertilizers. It can be used a s a substitute for coal and also in quelling the alarming rise of carbon dioxide concentration in the air. CO2 is one of the chief greenhouse gases that are responsible for global warming. Green Chemistry and Sustainability The best part of using thermal depolymerisation (TDP) is that, it can break down substances such as plastic which takes long time to decompose. By using TDP, renewable diesel can be produce from plastic, not only save up waste to be buried, but also getting useful green diesel out of unwanted waste. Methane in the feedstock is recovered and burned to heat the water, or burned in a combined heat and power plant to sell back electricity to the power grid Environmental Impact Emission of foul odors and unpleasant smell to the surrounding area of operating factory, causing nausea and uncomfortable feeling to resident nearby Flexibility of Operation Extensive and flexible choice of feedstocks (waste plastic, tires, wood pulp, medical waste, and unsavory byproducts such as turkey offal and sewerage sludge) Energy Consumption Require high energy consumption. High energy input requirements to produce green diesel made it not favorable among industry. Safety Factor and Waste Management Methane gas produce can be treated by burning to heat up water to produce electricity. The process not only cleans up wastes but also generate new sources of energy. Advantages Able to break down strong chemical bonds of organic poison, making huge benefits to ecosystem balance. Safely deal on heavy metals by converting them into stable oxides of their original ionized forms. Recycling the energy content of organic products while retaining the water content. (avoid drying while producing liquid fuel that separates from water in thermal depolymerisation, energy saving). The vast bulk of waste content can be utilized to produce green diesel. Not only make good use of all the non-bio-degradable waste but also help in producing useful oil. [3] The light hydrocarbons produced can be used fuel sources, filters and fertilizers. Disadvantages Only long molecular chains compound can be broken into shorter ones, so small molecules such as carbon dioxide or methane cannot be converted to oil If taking biomass as the feedstock, most of the biomass is already being used as animal feed or fertilizers and so are not really available in plenty for TDP High processing costs, low yield, impurity of yield, high energy input requirements making the process not feasible and viable for large scale production. Table 1.2(2): Key Components of Thermal Depolymerisation Reaction 1.2.3 Production of green diesel via Hydrotreating Process Production of renewable energy is expanding at rapid pace worldwide. This phenomenon gives increasing petroleum prices, government regulation and commitment in reducing greenhouse gases. In future, renewable dependent could be increasing as a new technology in producing high quality of renewable energy was invented. These new renewable diesel should be compatible to substitute conventional diesel for transportation. One of the available production processes of green diesel is hydrotreating