The Poor Management For Katrina - 2894 Words

In 2005, Hurricane Katrina caused massive damage around Gulf of Mexico. Especially, New Orleans was flooded most severely, so once approximately 80% of the city was under the water. Many articles criticize the poor management for Katrina, on the other hand, some articles can positively accept the preparation for Hurricane Sandy in 2012. For example, GSN (Government Security News) released their article in 2015, and the title is â€Å"Response to Sandy shows Katrina lessons mostly learned, says former FEMA chief†. In 2005, many people died, and many people are forced to move from New Orleans or other affected towns, however, now the hurricane disaster reduction plans in the U.S. are based on lessons from 2005. We should reflect the crisis event, so, first of all, to check the timeline of Katrina and to specify the problem of planning or reaction. The second, to understand the FEMA and â€Å"Hurricane Pam† exercise. â€Å"Hurricane Pam† exercise was held prior to K atrina, and the exercise clear many problems for emergency planning. One of the major problems was transportation. Many people lacked the transportation to evacuation shelter, and the problem was indicated before Katrina. The third, with a chart of employment trends, to realize the social impact of Katrina. The employment trends are related to next topic: race and class. Black workers faced the more difficult situation to get their jobs than white workers. (Elliott 2006). The last is to introduce BBC article about theShow MoreRelated Hurricane Katrina: A Man-made Disaster Essay1364 Words   |  6 PagesAt 7:10 EDT on August 29, 2005 Hurricane Katrina made landfall, etching lasting memories of those living in and around the New Orleans, Louisiana. It was this day that Hurricane Katrina came ashore and caused what was to be thought as one of the â€Å"most destructive storm in terms of economic losses† (Hurricane Katrina —, 2007) of all times. Who was to be blamed fo r the failure in emergence management response and preparation, no one seemed to know or understand. Those left in the wake of thisRead MoreThe Federal Emergency Management Agency Essay1704 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) is a body under the United States Department of Homeland Security that was created in 1978 to improve the safety of the American residents, especially during disasters. FEMA has a primary mandate of coordinating the response to any disaster that may occur in the U.S. and that overwhelms both local and state authorities’ resources. FEMA comes in to aid only after the governor of the involved state has declared a state of emergency and hasRead MoreDisaster Management Of The Hurricane Katrina Essay1596 Words   |  7 PagesUnit 3 DB 1 Disaster Management Introduction In today’s world, there has been one disaster or another, and hurricanes are one of those disasters that always happens. But, for one reason or another we are never prepared or understand the danger of any type of hurricane over a category one. Most of us have been through many hurricanes, like this learner who has lived in Miami, Fla. for over 30 years, and experienced her last hurricane which was Hurricane Andrew. Warnings are always given, first respondersRead MoreThe Devastating Effects Of Hurricane Katrina1548 Words   |  7 Pagesdevastating effects of Hurricane Katrina, reasons for failure to communicate information during Hurricane Katrina, the category of people who were more vulnerable to this disaster, and how could they be overcome for future disasters. Introduction: Disaster is any sudden calamity causing great loss of life or property. Have you ever imagined your home being destroyed as well as your whole community? Well the people in New Orleans experienced this. Hurricane Katrina destroyed the whole New OrleansRead MoreUnited States Government Response to Hurricane Katrina: Where Does the Blame Belong?1645 Words   |  7 Pagesinterfere with decisions.† Many accuse the United States’ national government of minimal and slow actions taken after the tragedy of Hurricane Katrina, while others share the blame of this response. Local, state, and national government response will be discussed, focusing on the government’s interaction after the strike of Hurricane Katrina. Katrina hit New Orleans, Louisiana on August 29th, 2005, but the failure of the local government started before this day â€Å"by allowing building and growingRead MoreThe Disaster Of The Hurricane Katrina1344 Words   |  6 PagesThe devastating Hurricane Katrina left Louisiana, and the rest of America, distraught. The mighty category 5 hurricane left thousands of Louisiana residents without food, water and shelter. The devastation of the storm led the levies of the flood-protecting dam to break leaving the city underwater during the catastrophe. This natural disaster will go down in American history as the worst of its kind. Although all the unfortunate natural events that made this tragedy possible, the supervision ofRead MoreThe Big Uneasy By Harry Shearer1097 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Big Uneasy† by Harry Shearer is a documentary about the disastrous flooding of New Orleans during the Hurricane Katrina in a different viewpoint. While mass media describe the flood as well as the hurricane as a natural disaster, Shearer claims that the flooding was actually a man-made disaster, not a natural one; and the film contains comprehensive investigations with scientific data to support the claim. â€Å"The Big Uneasy† highlights on the ineffective design and maintenance of the flood-protectionRead MoreKatrina: What Went Wrong?1726 Words   |  7 PagesMonday morning, 29 August 2005, this is a day most New Orleans residents will never forget. This was the day a category 5 hurricane named Katrina made its catastrophic debut to the Gulf Coast region and killed over 1,300 people. (The White House, 2006, p. 1) After it was all said and done, the nation was shocked at the events that unfolded in Alabama, Louisiana and Mississippi and people were left wondering, â€Å"What went wrong?† National Geographic reported that the storm originated about a weekRead MoreDisaster Management : Disasters And Disasters1565 Words   |  7 PagesDisaster Management Introduction In today’s world, there has been one disaster or another, and hurricanes are one of those disasters that always happens. But, for one reason or another we are never prepared or understand the danger of any type of hurricane over a category one. Most of us have been through many hurricanes, like this learner has when lived in Miami, Fla for over 30 years, and the last hurricane she experience was hurricane Andrew. Warnings are always given, first responders are trainedRead MoreA Brief Note On Hurricane Katrina And Its Misfortune For The Unfortunate1416 Words   |  6 Pages Hurricane Katrina and its Misfortune for the Unfortunate Ibrahim Farag University of Louisville â€Æ' Research Question: Inequality has been a topic of discussion in the United States—as well as the vast majority of the world—for a significant period of time now. While there is no denying that inequality exists, I believe that it has become assumed to be the underlying problem in a lot of cases where it doesn’t necessarily apply. There are a number of problems in society that can’t be

Human Science and History - 1015 Words

â€Å"The historian’s task is to understand the past; the human scientist, by contrast, is looking to change the future.† To what extent is this true in these areas of knowledge? As historians study, compiles and writes events in chronological order or arranged events in the order it came to be, people understood what came before them. Historians are the authority on it that no one ever tried to question what was written but instead we accepted it as facts and from those facts we learned and knew that as time and years go by people could and can change the future. As clear as the question implies history and human sciences are the two areas of knowledge involved. Human science was defined as the study and interpretation of the experiences,†¦show more content†¦It was not something to carry around. Now we have all the I’s from the apple store such as iphone, itouch, ipad, our development of Macbooks, and all the technologies with different brands availabl e for easier and faster usage. Those gadgets are so important to us and to our daily lives that we cannot just imagine living without one of them. Those gadgets are also convenient. Through language, historians made us realized that history would always be history. It would always be there. It is something of the past for the future. We believed in what was written thousand years ago, affecting each and everyone of us on how we go on with our lives. Though on the other hand, why could we not rewrite what was written for easier to understanding? Are we 100% sure that it is true? Without the inventions and innovations of human scientists we would not have what we have now. Our lives would be very different. It would have been at a slower pace. We would not know what lies in the other side of the globe. It was so clever of the human scientists to invent something that could lead to a change in our future. For instance, the invention of airplane. Isn’t it great that we could be i n one continent to the next inShow MoreRelatedSocial Science : A Study Of Human, History, Ideology And Mythistory, And Answers1268 Words   |  6 PagesSocial science is said to be the study of human,history,ideology and mythistory,and answers the question of how life came to be the way it is.Generations made aware of how modernity came about,what history was really about,for example the columbus story,relive them from the stress or worries about the traditional days.Social science through the years has acted as weapon and has been used to fight and influence race and racism.These two concepts,though different in definition are highly connectedRead MoreSimilarities And Differences Between The Human Mind And Science, History, And Literature1486 Words   |  6 Pagespsychology, history, and literature† to conduct their anthropology (McGee and Warms 2004:525). The work of Sapir and Whorf had made revolutionary claims about the idea of knowledge and the mechanism behind its t ransmission. Symbolic anthropology could use this as a base with which to launch assumptions about knowledge and culture; science, after all, isn’t primary or even essential in these processes. The human mind, however, was. The traditional studies of literature, psychology, and history areRead MoreThe Theory Of Knowledge Has Reflected Upon For Many Years Now1384 Words   |  6 Pagesparticular Areas of Knowing (Human Sciences, and History), have been identified as following this quote, but I disagree. The human sciences uses people as the basis for gaining knowledge, and is not only the systematic organization of facts. Likewise, History is more complex and person dependent, rather than only being a systematic organization of facts. The human sciences is a unique area of knowledge because it is one of the only areas out of the eight identified, that uses humans as the predominant wayRead MoreHumans have come to accept that History by mere definition is the exploration and study of history1000 Words   |  4 PagesHumans have come to accept that History by mere definition is the exploration and study of history whereas the Human Sciences are defined as the in depth study of social, biological and cultural aspects of human beings. History and Human Sciences seek to influence humans through language, reason, and emotion. By looking at the title, I am coming to the conclusion that historians only focus on understanding the past and the human scientist is only looking to change the future. That conclusion is reasonableRead MoreHistory Of Science And Conceptual Understanding919 Words   |  4 PagesHistory of science and conceptual understanding According to Richard K Moran, and Page K, in â€Å" Teaching for Conceptual Understanding in Science†, Studying history of science is important because it enable students understand the development of thought, and generalization would be empty without concrete examples. In addition, One important concern for shutting history of science out of the undergraduate science curriculum was an anxiety expressed about the history of science that the historyRead MoreWhat Is the Task of the Historian?966 Words   |  4 Pagesunderstand the past; the human scientist, by contrast, is looking to change the future.† To what extent is this true in these areas of knowledge?† To start off, I think it would be useful to differentiate between history as an area of knowledge with the human sciences. History is knowledge about the past. What happens in the present and what will happen in the future is very much governed by what happened in the past. Without knowledge of the past, we would be without identity. History is regarded differentlyRead MoreThe History of Nursing Science1076 Words   |  4 Pagesothers seem hardwired into our human nature, and have expressed themselves in a multitude of ways throughout human history, from mothers tending to their sick children to soldiers caring for their wounded brothers on the battlefield. But nursing science, the body of knowledge that has both arisen from and informed the nursing profession as we now know it, has a distinct history that can be traced through key periods of development and revolution. By examining this rich history, we can see not only howRead MoreEssay on Views on the Importance of Science1010 Wo rds   |  5 PagesViews on the Importance of Science Different people have different views on the importance of scientific concepts in comparison to other branches of knowledge. In order to determine if it is reasonable to believe that science is a supreme form of knowledge, firstly we must determine what knowledge is. Knowledge can be seen as the act of knowing or understanding gained through experience or study. Thus in order for something to be considered as knowledge it must be trueRead MoreEssay on Sociology and Social Sciences1144 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿The Social Sciences Complete and submit this assignment by the due date to receive full credit. (7 points) 1. Rank the seven social sciences (anthropology, economics, geography, history, political science, psychology, and sociology) according to what you believe is their importance and influence on the people in a modern society. Answer: 1.Psychology (How humans think influences most, if not all of the social sciences.)   2.Sociology (This helps figure out how society thinks. If you understandRead MoreThe Fundamental Knowledge Of Knowledge1637 Words   |  7 PagesThe fundamental knowledge issue arising from this question is whether knowledge is consistent throughout time. Can we progress through applying knowledge generated decades ago? To determine whether knowledge generated from areas such as history and science can predict the future, it is necessary to know whether the knowledge acquired through these areas of knowing is consistent, irrespective of changes in time and culture, amongst other factors. Through considering this question, we are gaining insight

Criminal Justice Field free essay sample

There are countless numbers of jobs to choose from, but I am fascinated with becoming a Drug Enforcement agent. The United States drug enforcement administration was created to enforce the laws and regulations concerning improper use of substances in our country. The skills and abilities in order to withhold such a position within our country require a ton of responsibility. Not only does a person need to acquire a great sense of investigative skills, but they must also be prepared to deal with major violators of controlled substance laws. The hardest part about being a drug enforcement agent is having to deal with drug gangs and criminals whom are extremely dangerous and intimidating. There are personal reasons as to why becoming a drug enforcement agent is important to me. I have seen people close to me become consumed by drug and have seen them lose complete control of their lives and reality itself. We will write a custom essay sample on Criminal Justice Field or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The idea of pursuing a career that can help stop, or rather lessen the amount of drug consumption and violence on the streets makes me want to help my community out, since I couldn’t really help people that were close to me once. The idea of diminishing a portion of society’s malice by implementing my knowledge and skill of a drug enforcement practitioner thrills me. Although becoming a  DEA has always been my focus, as I continue my education on criminal justice, I can at any moment have a change of heart. The reason being, there are countless numbers of criminal justice jobs to choose from. My other passion is becoming a Juvenile Probation officer. A juvenile delinquent counselors role consists of advising young teens that have committed criminal offenses and to deter them from becoming repeat  offenders. In order to be a successful counselor, a person must be willing to be extremely patient. As well as have a strong understanding of the  backgrounds in which each adolescent has come from. I try very hard to understand why juvenile delinquents do what they do. It is difficult to be a saint  at such a range of young ages, but it is simple to learn right from wrong. I am very willing and extremely aware of certain situations that force juveniles to  choose wrong instead of right. In many cases, these adolescents just need someone to guide them and point them in the right direction. I feel like this  would also be a job in the criminal justice field that I can certainly succeed in. I have set myself up with personal and professional goals in order to succeed. Not only am I determined to complete my associate’s degree in two terms, while still working a full – time job in the logistics field for my company, but I plan to attain my bachelor’s degree before I turn twenty-five. I can easily climb the cooperate ladder in my current job, especially if I can attain my degrees within a logical time period. I still have a lot to learn about the field of criminal justice, but I do have a strong focus in specializing in the Drug Enforcement agency and I do not mind learning information aside from the DEA. Patience, willingness, and a kind heart is all that will take to accomplish  my goals and succeeding within the criminal justice field.

Political economy in Turkey Regulatory Agencies

Since the start of 1980s, liberalization policies have played a pivotal role in defining how states exercise the control over their economies.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Political economy in Turkey: Regulatory Agencies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is important to note that an essential element of the liberalization policies has been the withdrawal of the state from utility (infrastructure) sectors which have been typified by market failures, for example natural monopoly situations that resulted in the reduction of the level of competition in the markets. However, the withdrawal of the state from these sectors have resulted in the introduction of policies that focus on regulating (but not imposing direct control) of the economy activities of the newly liberalized markets at the macroeconomic level. Thus, one of the notable aspects of the changes to regulatory policies has been the formation of speciali zed independent regulatory agencies (IRAs) that are different from standard bureaucratic structures. This paper examines IRAs in Turkey with the aim of analyzing their independent features. IRAs in Turkey are distinguished by organizational attributes that are not the same as the traditional bureaucratic structures in the country and they make up service-based (as opposed to geographical) decentralized governance according to the country’s constitution. Thus, analyzing how they were established and investigating their autonomous attributes is important in knowing the track of liberalization that began in the country in the early 1980s. After experiencing a long period of both economic and political confusion during the better part of the 1970s, Turkey started to institute market-focused changes during the beginning of 1980. This initiative was an important change from the country’s etatist past. One of the main aims of the 1980 reform agenda was to institute changes in the trade regime and it involved introduction of a more flexible exchange rate policy (Zenginobuz, 1). It also involved doing away with stringent import substitution policies. This was achieved by encouraging exports of goods and services and liberalization of imports.Advertising Looking for essay on political culture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The reform process also aimed at lowering the size of the country’s public sector. This was intended to give opportunity to private initiatives and markets in establishing fair distribution of resources in the economy; thus, the process of privatization of state-owned enterprises and liberalization of financial markets were thought to be imperative aspects of Turkey’s reform agenda. The 1980 economic reforms in Turkey led to remarkable transformations in the way business was done in the country. Export promotion policies resulted in new incentives and financial libe ralization was also realized. The emergence of IRAs in the country started to take place in the aftermath of the new initiatives described above and even though their emergence goes back to the start of the 1980s, their steady growth took place during the 1990s and the 2000s. In the 1980s, Turkey was not focused on instituting an efficient regulatory framework; thus, it was only towards the end of the 1990s that it passed regulations to this effect. The country paid no or little attention to the significance of creating a regulatory framework prior to liberalization and privatization of industries and it only realized this need following years of stagnant economic conditions. More so, after the Southeast Asian and the Russian crises of the late 1990s, essential structural problems in the country’s economic structure were exposed, and this further propelled the need of creating a regulatory framework. External anchors propelled the creation of regulatory agencies in Turkey. As pointed out earlier, the economy of country was stagnating; thus, international agencies such as International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank (WB) put an overpowering pressure on the Turkish government to institute reforms and create regulatory agencies. As a result, the policy makers in the country endeavored to create autonomous and credible IRAs so as to ensure that the markets function properly. More so, the establishment of the IRAs was aimed at marketization of public services as much as possible.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Political economy in Turkey: Regulatory Agencies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The efforts to establish regulatory agencies in Turkey served as the prerequisites for making the country eligible to loans that were to be provided by international agencies; therefore, the stand-by agreements that were made with IMF and the proposals of WB to revive the country’s ailing economy played a crucial role in suppressing the opposition of establishment regulatory agencies. For example, in the intention letters submitted to the International Monetary Fund on 9 December 1999 and latter letters, Turkey promised to establish IRAs such as â€Å"BRSA (Banking Regulation and Supervision Agency), EMRA (Energy Markets Regulatory Agency), TTPABMRA (Tobacco, Tobacco Products and Alcoholic Beverages Markets Regulation Agency), and PPA (Public Procurement Agency) to the IMF as a part of the criteria of stabilization† (Sonmez, 133). The European Union (EU) also played a role in the establishment of IRAs in Turkey. In the 1990s, Turkey was preparing to join the European Community and this obliged it to make some reforms so as to meet the objectives of the EU (Gul and Zenginobuz, 20). Notably, public sector reforms were enacted; thus, the establishment of the regulatory agencies is a component of these reforms. The reforms were intended to provide liberalization a nd competition in the country’s national markets, which had not been performing as desired. For example, Turkey has prepared a national program to adjust â€Å"its administrative, political, economic and social structures to the EU’ Acquis Communitarie and introduced the Turkey’s ‘National Program for the Adoption of the Acquis’ which was adopted by the Council of Ministers on 19 March 2001† (Sonmez, 133). In the report, the Turkish government has promised to institute a number of reform programs in the country concerning IRAs as well as in the public sector to achieve transparency and competition in the running of its affairs. Some of the reforms Turkey promised to adopt include the establishment of a draft law on public procurement and the establishment of an IRA in that sector. This led to the creation of the PPA on 1 January 2003. Other IRAs subsequently established include TTPABMRA in 2002, which was mandated to regulate tobacco products and alcoholic beverages, and the EMRA in 2001, which was mandated to regulate gas and electricity companies in the country. The EU and other international organizations became efficient in directing the internal policy of Turkey.Advertising Looking for essay on political culture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, they pressurized the country’s politicians to enact structural reforms, notable was the creation of regulatory agencies that were not subject to political control in several important aspects of the country’s economy. There were remarkable changes over time in Turkey’s attempts to create regulatory agencies. As pointed out earlier, even though there were domestic drivers of regulatory reforms in the country from the 1980s, the process of establishing the reforms was rather slow. The slow implementation of regulatory reforms in the country was brought about by paying more attention on market orientation and liberalization instead of the reforms. Consequently, at the end of the 1990s, there was an urge to create the conditions more favorable for private investors. Such private investment into infrastructure industries, for example, electricity and telecommunication, was ignited due to the increased macroeconomic instability and inadequacy of resources t hat prevented the government from meeting its obligations of establishing the necessary infrastructure facilities. Additionally, several attempts had been made to make a number of public assets in infrastructure industries private. However, these attempts did not succeed because they were hindered by the legal challenges that were brought about by the Constitutional Court and the Council of State, inter alia. In this aspect, the law did not allow the privatization of natural monopolies if it was proved that they could not function to fulfill the bigger public interest. Thus, the hope of making state monopolies private and opening imperfectly competitive enterprises to new entry level evidently necessitated the creation of IRAs in Turkey. Appertaining to financial services, the financial crisis of 1982 sent a message to the policy makers in the country that having a banking sector that was not regulated was a threat to its growing economy. Whereas there was remarkable progress in the creation of IRAs in Turkey, such attempts were not successful up to the end of the 1990s. In addition to the other reasons provided earlier, the majority of the politicians in the country did not want to relinquish their political power because of the fear of losing control over the administrative agencies; thus, this understanding of the need for establishing a regulatory framework was ubiquitous among sections of the bureaucracy. The process of establishing credible IRAs was reinforced by the financial crisis in 2001; it formed an opportune environment for the passage of the necessary regulations on regulatory reforms and enhancing the political and bureaucratic commitment for reforms in the country. The financial crisis threatened the credibility of Turkey internationally to cope with such an emergency. Consequently, it lessened the resistance to prevent the passage of the necessary legislation for instituting regulatory agencies in the country. According to Tamer, the policy ch anges that were meant to establish the IRAs cannot be considered to be successful; there is still substantial exertion of political authority over these agencies, in varying intensities across different sectors of the country’s economy (57). Despite the recognized autonomy together with the complete economic and managerial sovereignty of the majority of Turkish IRAs, in reality, operation swerves from the official structures. In comparison to their counterparts in other countries, the IRAs in Turkey have a seemingly high level of autonomy; however, in some instances, they have served secluded interests of the country’s politicians, bureaucrats, and other private interests. It is important to note that even if the autonomy of the IRAs is perceived to be of essence for good regulatory results, official autonomy itself is not a guarantee to automatic â€Å"good† results; therefore, Turkey is a good example to depict the inconsistency between official structure and actual operations. For instance, in the telecommunications sector, the autonomy of ICTA (Information Technology and Communication Authority) is comparable to that in the United States, which is a noteworthy progress for a â€Å"latecomer† in the creation of regulatory agencies; nonetheless, there are substantial differences among the IRAs of the two different countries as appertains to real autonomy and performance of their operations. A number of IRAs in Turkey have been reported to be subjected to undue interference by the state. Some of these are ICTA, Sugar Agency (SA), and the Agency for Tobacco and Alcohol Markets (TAMRA). For the case of ICTA, the government employed various tactics to interrupt some of its liberalization measures, for example, the issuing of license to new operators, and for the case of SA and TAMRA, their institutional design has attracted interference by the government, as some of their board members are still employees of the government who serve i ts interests. In conclusion, since the 1980s, Turkey was engaged in market reforms without comprehensive regulatory framework, and it was until the country started experiencing economic crisis in 1999 that it began to adopt elaborate regulatory reforms in its governance. IRAs were established as key agencies of the reform process, which were aimed at creating a sound and competitive framework so as to avoid the major economic problems that the country had been facing. More so, the establishment of the IRAs was meant to exemplify the aspects of good governance. These aspects are, but not limited to, political insulation, transparency in service delivery, responsibility, and involvement. External pressures that were put on the country by international agencies such as the IMF and WB also facilitated the establishment of IRAs in Turkey. Another crucial role was played by the EU, which formulated stringent policies that the country had to adhere to before being accepted as a member of t he European Community. Works Cited Sonmez, Umit. â€Å"Independent Regulatory Agencies: The World Experience and the Turkish Case.† Etd.lib.metu. Middle East Technical University, 2004 Sept. Web. Sosay, Gul, and Zenginobuz, Unal. â€Å"Independent regulatory agencies in emerging economies.† Mpra.ub. Bogazici University, 2005 Sept. Web. Tamer, Cetin. The Political Economy of Regulation in Turkey. New York: Springer   Verlag, 2011. Print. Zenginobuz, Unal. â€Å"On Regulatory Agencies in Turkey and Their Independence.† Bog  Uni. Bogazici University, 2007 June. Web. This essay on Political economy in Turkey: Regulatory Agencies was written and submitted by user Dayton Bruce to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Causes of the 2008 Financial Crisis

Causes of the 2008 Financial Crisis Free Online Research Papers In this past year and especially the last two months; I have seen the Fed do things that I have never even deemed possible. There have been so many rules of fundamental economics that have been broken in the last 2 months that it is very hard to say what the actual constitutional powers of the US Fed is/are. I understand that these are unprecedented times but some of these actions and non-actions, I feel as though were not fully formulated. The Federal Reserve (Central Bank) was made so that the government would not be connected to the money supply, so that fiscal policy and monetary policy could work independently. It was an action to decentralize our government. I feel as though now this has been reversed and we are currently moving towards a more socialist/fascist society. The best Federal Chairmen/Policy makers are ones that are credible and are able to maintain a level of predictability in the markets as to what policy will be in the future. This allows expected inflation and unemployment not to rise as much as if they were unpredictable and/or uncertain. This could be easily shown with a Phillips curve diagram; this brings me back to my point of fundamental economics and Bernanke’s disregard for noble prize winners and highly value economic tools. I believe that back in January when the Fed, made emergency rate cuts (.75 basis points) it completely disrupted the market. This spiked the future volatility index and issues of uncertainty and Bernanke’s level of credibility in the market. I have always been taught the best chairman’s are the ones who everyone hates. At that point in time I feel as though Trichet was personifying the perfect chairman for the ECB. Furthermore, we saw all time highs in the euro, leading to an inflationary/energy bubble, which further worsened the American economy/outlook. Bernanke in my opinion, is a push over; he does whatever the markets tell him to do and does not use his fundamental economic models i.e. IS-LM-IP appropriately to see the effects of his policy making until recently. I remember reading the minutes of the March 2008 FOMC meeting and Bernanke explaining that this is a commodity driven recession. But we all know this was a collapse in the housing market and the deregulations of credit default swaps, etc. I believe Bernanke, actually made this matter worse, by cutting only the Fed Funds Rate so fast and not the discount window until recently makes no sense to me. The inflationary bubble led to an energy bubble in which trillions have been lost by hedge funds and other speculators due to liquidations/redemptions etc; which further drove down the market. The huge rate cuts also helped increase the LIBOR rate, which almost all mortgages’ are tied to which in turn increased delinquencies’ of mortgage payments and further increased foreclosures, making credit even tighter, bank losses higher and essentially a very bad spiral. The only reason why we were not printing negative GDP was because our currency was so weak that our exports compensated for the other weak components of GDP. I feel as though rather than facing the problem head on, he has done nothing but delay/avoid it; it being a recession. This is where we are at now; the beginning of most likely a depression, high deflation and extremely high unemployment. Not once when we had very high inflation in the first two quarters of this year did Bernanke speak up at the G7 Meetings ; with reference to currency and the possibility of intervention, in the form of pegging or buying back the dollar. It was well documented at the time by Bloomberg that there is a .97 correlation between the EUR/USD and Oil. I just don’t understand how someone who claims this is a commodity driven recession can just sit back and let inflation explode. Not only that but his FOMC statements were very dovish making matters far worse. On the other side; Trichet stayed hawkish and stood his ground, he played the role and did his job. Even though it made since for him to cut rates because then inflation would actually decrease because the US dollar would appreciate and the price of oil being dollar dominated would go down, lowering the Euro-Zone inflationary levels. Where has this brought us? We have a Fed Chairman, who claims to be an expert on the causes of the Great Depression yet it seems as though he may have actually just created his self -fulfilling prophecy. September, the introduction of TARPS; Bernanke had became so desperate because of the fact that he cut rates to soon and by too much that he had no ammunition to stimulate/stabilize the economy. Even at the congressional hearing Bernanke would not speak, he said very little if anything while Paulson did most the talking. I could tell Bernanke knew he screwed up big time and/or that we were in big trouble. He was breaking our constitution/his delegated powers, the very reason why his job was created essentially was unfolding in front of his very own eyes. This bill (TARPS), which was supposedly passed, on a Friday; which is what everyone on Wall Street was told was expected to boost the market. It ended up being defeated in the congress and cost the market 1.3 trillion dollars; anothe r failure of the Bernanke regime. Finally, after a week or so the bill is passed and Paulson and Bernanke are given a tranche of 350 Billion. It so happens that at this very same time almost all of Europe is also facing a financial crisis (U.K., Euro-Zone).Paulson and Bernanke decide to do direct capital injections into the banks. They had determined that the ability to price the MBS would be too difficult as they were packaged very complexly. I believe that these direct liquid capitalizations are no more than a form of a rate cut. They in essence do the same thing flood the money market and try to provide liquidity. It is just a different weapon the Fed is not supposed to have access to; the treasury. I believe Bernanke, learned from his lesson of the energy bubble and did the right thing with the coordinated worldwide rate cuts. This in effect neutralized the currency (worldwide) and purchasing power which kept inflation levels the same while at the same time providing the markets with capital. We also finally saw the lowering of the discount window. I feel as though Bernanke was out to lunch, if the discount window was not 3.25% while Fed Funds rates were at 2% and he had not pushed LIBOR up to 4% by unexpected drastic rates cuts; I don’t think we would have needed to waste the 350-700 billion in direct capital injections to banks. I remember reading about how never had there been such a spread between the discount window and the funds rate until around march ’08. With the minutes of the Fed continuously changing economic outlooks, a chairman that has lost all credibility and predictability things will only get much worse until the new office takes over. There is also a high lack of transparency of where this bailout money is going, which further leads to the decrease in credibility of the Fed. Currently, as recent as November 10th, the fed loaned 2 trillion to undisclosed institutions. Which is well documented on Bloomberg’s website; the fed is currently being sued by Bloomberg for the rights to the informa tion of who the loans were made to. I currently do not trust this government one bit. I believe they are entering uncharted waters. They gave away billions with no or very few rules outlined. Many banks have used this money for mergers, pensions, etc. The very three reasons we are where we are Credit Default Swaps, Foreclosures, and Credit availability all of which are becoming bigger problems as every new day passes. We are not attacking the root of the problem but are rather taking a wait and see what happens type attitude. Our monetary/fiscal discretionary programs are gone we are lost. Our very own government does not know what to do. As Paulson explained in his interviews things have changed, we have realized that the money would not be well spent by purchasing toxic assets. Some of the most successful billionaire investors say the government should just keep quite. In reality they are only making things worse, they have lost their credibility; they need to stop with their ambi guity and get back to stabilizing the economy and not disrupting it. When we let Bearn Stearns fall which led to the collapse of AIG, then we realized we can’t let AIG fall, it’s as if we are one step behind in this; which is further making matters worse. What’s next? Will we let the car manufactures fall? And lose trillions of dollars in social surplus; when all we need to do is nationalize them, make Natural Gas cars like foreign countries and use our natural gas that the U.S. owns and drills for. Before this I had a lot of respect for my government, after watching this unfold I have realized that these politicians do not care about us citizens but rather only to be reelected. As far as the actions that are currently being taken place by the Fed, Treasury, Congress; I would have to conclude they are failing in almost all aspects. We have a huge deflationary problem on our hands, rather than doing what FDR did with gold; I believe we should have a G-20 Pegging of currencies, the dollar is gaining too much momentum, we will not ha ve price, inflationary and unemployment stability until this is controlled. Furthermore, maybe the Fed should be the clearing house for these Credit Default Swaps, or the government should just nullify them. I also believe we must keep people in their homes, it costs the economy welfare to foreclose homes and from an economic standpoint. If are bailing out AIG; why can’t we just fix mortgage rates temporarily until the economy gets back on track, this will help stabilize the housing market and inflation, interest rates and prices etc. I would like to also mention the last cut when Bernanke announced it the market funds rate was already below one percent. Never have I seen such divergence between the target rate of the fed and what the actual market is at or even seen CNBC show such a thing. This just an illustration of the lack of credibility/uncertainty in which he possesses. He set his target rate at one percent the market had already priced in .75% but this most likely had to be from the sums of money flooding the system. With a monetary policy which is ineffective, a chairman who keeps delaying the inevitable it can only get worse from here. Never in my life, have I been so upset with the government, why are we using stimulus packages? Any economist knows that a tax- cut has an ambiguous effect on GDP and interest rates. We are running a 1 trillion dollar deficit this year with nothing to show for it. Which I believe is highly understated. Furthermore, I conclude that on all fronts for which the fed is respon sible for; Objectives, Instruments, and Channels we are failing. This is just the beginning of what could be the worst depression America has yet to face. : Press Releases/ Statements: Primary source: federalreserve.gov Analysis of statements in calendar portion: Primary source Wall Street Journal Research Papers on Causes of the 2008 Financial CrisisInflation TargetingCash or Card?American Central Banking and OilGap Analysis: Lester ElectronicsDefinition of Export QuotasEnzymes Proteins Amino AcidsA Marketing Analysis of the Fast-Food RestaurantWhat are Stock OptionsGlobal Distributive Justice is UtopianGene One the Transition from Private to Public

3 Cases of Erroneous Punctuation with Quotations

3 Cases of Erroneous Punctuation with Quotations 3 Cases of Erroneous Punctuation with Quotations 3 Cases of Erroneous Punctuation with Quotations By Mark Nichol In each of the following sentences, punctuation associated with a quoted phrase or a partial or full quotation is not appropriate. Discussion after each example explains why the punctuation should either be changed or omitted altogether, and one or more revisions illustrate correct treatment of the quoted material. 1. The old saying, â€Å"What gets rewarded gets done,† is as true with risk management as with any other business process. The phrase â€Å"the old saying† should not be treated restrictively- â€Å"What gets rewarded gets done† is not the only old saying; it is being described as an old saying- so omit punctuation between the phrase and the saying itself: â€Å"The old saying ‘What gets rewarded gets done’ is as true with risk management as with any other business process.† 2. The company responded in a statement Friday that the newspaper article showed, â€Å"a complete disregard for basic journalistic standards.† Because the partial quotation complements the attribution to complete a sentence that requires no internal punctuation, do not use such punctuation to separate the attribution and the quotation: â€Å"The company responded in a statement Friday that the newspaper article showed ‘a complete disregard for basic journalistic standards.’† 3. â€Å"I would like to do a college fund for him, it’s not the kid’s fault,† he said. Regardless of whether such a sentence is a quotation or not, the use of a mere comma to separate two independence clauses without the support of a conjunction is incorrect: â€Å"’I would like to do a college fund for him; it’s not the kid’s fault,’ he said.† However, using a semicolon in a quotation has always seemed stiffly formal to me; simply as a personal preference, I would use a more dashing punctuation mark: â€Å"’I would like to do a college fund for him- it’s not the kid’s fault,’ he said.† Another alternative is to insert the attribution between the two clauses, treating them as separate sentences: â€Å"‘I would like to do a college fund for him,’ he said. ‘It’s not the kid’s fault.’† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 Types of Narrative ConflictEmail Etiquette7 Other Types of Pronouns

The Holocaust Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Holocaust - Essay Example They argue that most countries by then never had the information of the kinds of atrocities that the Germans were putting the Europeans Jews through. This makes it quite complicated for one to have a pointing finger on any individual country as to their role in the holocaust. The American government and the Americans failed completely to assist the European Jews. Although the American government had the capacity and power to get directly involved in the holocaust, it remained silent and, as a result, many lives and properties were lost. It is also believed that America had a network of allies that it could have influenced in order to assist and halt the mass killings by the Nazis. When they got involved, it was either too late or too little or both to offer any substantial help. During this period of Holocaust, different countries had different views as whether to take part and assist the European Jews. By 1938, world major countries took part in order to rescue some the European Jew s. Different allies were also formed that sped up some rescue missions (Rosenfeld, 57). Theses allies were either directly involved in the war or they pressured the Nazis to end the mass killings. These allies also facilitated the massive movements of the European Jews to different countries for example Netherlands, The Great Britain, Scandinavia and Switzerland. During the war, the American government had put in policies to the major publishing paper then, New York Times that limited the nature and content of information that could be passed to the public. Consequently, the public was not aware of the kinds of killings that the European Jews went through. This also made it quite impossible for other government departments fully to initiate programs and rescue missions towards the Jews. American restrictions on migration; unlike European countries and the Great Britain that allowed migration of the Jews in their countries, the Americans developed a very restrictive

Locate and compare what it means to be a slave in Phillis Wheatley's Essay

Locate and compare what it means to be a slave in Phillis Wheatley's poetry and Philip Freneau's poetry - Essay Example This makes clear the importance of Phillis as the first African American writer. Philip Freneau was a friend of Jefferson, and he is also known the â€Å"Father of American Literature†. What slavery means in their poems is the focus of this paper. Fortunately, when Phillis Wheatley was sold in the American slave market, she was bought by a Bostonian named Wheatley, who was kind towards the girl. She was only seven years old, with a fragile body. She could not live long. She was always ill. She learned English within a short period. She was also an ardent Christian. She being the first slave woman to become a poet, the readers naturally had expectations about her. They expected her personal emotions to run through the poems. But she wrote poems mainly addressed to the white people. Her first volume of poems, Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral, was published in 1773. Most of her poems are either dedicated to famous personalities, or they are elegies. Her own situations, revealing her emotions as a slave hardly appear anywhere. In fact, there is nothing much in her poems to bracket her as a slave poet, speaking for the emancipation of the oppressed class in America. The only recognition is that she proved that a slav e is also a human being capable of being intelligent and becoming a great poet, a genius. This gave the abolitionists a chance to quote her as a fine example for giving better attention to the blacks in the field of education. Sometimes, the impression Phillis gives is that she was grateful to God for being a Negro, a slave, and for getting a chance to be a Christian and American. She even pleaded God to save all Negroes similarly. In her poem, â€Å"On being Brought from Africa to America†, she says â€Å"It was mercy brought me from my pagan land†. The word â€Å"mercy† is a confusing word. Mercy to God for whatever happened to her in her life could be the

Olympics Lottery Essay Example for Free

Olympics Lottery Essay The issue in which concerns the Active England programme is that the sale of national lottery tickets is gradually declining.  Research by Professor Ian Walker an Economist at the University of Warwick shows that lottery ticket sales are not influenced in anyway by the fact that the lottery supports good causes or the nature of those good causes. The dream of winning large sums of money is the only real driver of ticket sales. However, Professor Walkers research shows otherwise: The figure below shows the history of sales before, during (right in the middle of the graph) and after that controversy for the five main games. He says You dont need to be a trained statistician to see that the effects of rollovers in the lotto games and that there is a slight decline in sales for lotto over the period. So no support here that bad causes matter for sales. See graphs below:  Walker. I, 2004. Good Causes fail to Sell National Lottery Tickets [Online]. Available from: http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/newsandevents/pressreleases/NE1000000096306/. Accessed on 09.11.04  Olympics Lottery Fund and the 12% Lottery Duty  The Government were asked to state clearly how it will ensure that money currently raised for good causes, is not diverted to the Olympic bid, resulting in a reduction in the funding of voluntary and community organisations doing vital work throughout the UK. The 12% tax on every National Lottery ticket sold, worth à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½549 million per year or nearly à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5 billion since 1994, should be split between good causes and lottery players instead of going to the Government.  I do not believe that the public want the lottery to be just another Government tax sparing only 28p from the sale of each Lotto ticket and scratch card for good causes. If the government are serious about reconnecting the lottery with the people then they should give half their annual à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½549 million tax cut to the good causes and half back to the players. Etherington. S, 2003. Olympics Lottery Fund and the 12% Lottery Duty [Online]. Available from: http://www.ncvo-vol.org.uk/asp/search/ncvo/main.aspx?siteID=1sID=8subSID=73documentID=2210. Accessed on 09.11.04  Measures taken by Sport England  Through this sudden decline in National Lottery sales, the above organisation have had to come up with strategic backup plans for alternate methods of funding and other ways of promoting their campaign and to make sure that they suddenly dont run out of money after promising bright and prosperous things to the nation. Sport England is possibly one of the National Lotterys largest good causes funding receiver and with the sales down by 2% from previous years, Sport England has to be careful with how they spend their money.  It is perhaps more difficult for voluntary and public sector clubs to receive funding through the thorough and detailed application process than before the cutbacks. The club must have a charter mark of high standard, a comprehensive code of conduct and practice for all parties involved and they must be able to prove that the money really will be able to change peoples lives. Whereas a number of years ago, it was rumoured that almost any club could receive funding if they wanted, and the nation saw money go to waste, which can no longer happen. With Sport England under fire by the media brought along a newly appointed chief executive, this created upset. Many peoples jobs were seen as not making enough contribution the cause and were subsequently axed.  Below is a shower of ideas in which Active England can consider to be successful in the future: Conclusion Throughout the portfolio, the key issues in which sport must adapt to have been identified.  With the National Lottery ticket sales slowly increasing again, funding for sports programmes should become readily available if suitably justified.

Battle of Iwo Jima :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Iwo Jima, Battle of, one of the most costly battles of the Pacific campaign of WWII, fought in February and March 1945 on the island of Iwo Jima. About 6800 U. S. personnel lost their lives in seizing the island from the Japanese; Japanese losses were estimated at more than 21,000. The capture of the island provided American air units with the first base inside the Japanese inner-defense system from which to attack the heart if industrial Japan with medium bombers escorted by fighters.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before the actual invasion on February 19, the island was subjected to air and sea bombing for three months. In spite of the preinvasion attack, some Japanese were still firmly entrenched in underground fortifications in soft volcanic soil. The Marines secured the island after a month of the most severe fighting in their history. Mount Suribachi, the highest point on the island and an important defense position, was captured on February 23, 1945. The campaign was officially declared ended on March 16.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Iwo Jima, Battle of, one of the most costly battles of the Pacific campaign of WWII, fought in February and March 1945 on the island of Iwo Jima. About 6800 U. S. personnel lost their lives in seizing the island from the Japanese; Japanese losses were estimated at more than 21,000. The capture of the island provided American air units with the first base inside the Japanese inner-defense system from which to attack the heart if industrial Japan with medium bombers escorted by fighters.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before the actual invasion on February 19, the island was subjected to air and sea bombing for three months.

Proud Moment

If I had to describe a proud moment of mine it would have to be about the summer that just recently passed. In the summer I work as a lifeguard, a serious job that isn’t always taken as serious as it should be, but when faced with danger most of the employees know what to do. Anyways, in the summer I worked as a lifeguard in the afternoons and evenings and in the morning, I would teach younger children how to swim. I was their instructor and they were my students. We had a lot of fun, and I absolutely loved teaching little kids how to do something that I love to do myself. It was hot summer day and a lot of the camp children from the local boys and girls club had just arrived. So all of the lifeguards on duty assumed their positions and conducted a swimming test for the camp kids to make sure they were capable of swimming in the deep end. Once the swim test was over we now let the public into the pool area. A good sized group arrived at the pool, the group consisted of a single lady and about 5-7 other kids. A few of the older ones in the group had been to the pool before so I knew what they were capable of doing in the water. But there was this one little girl that made her was to the deep side and I asked one of them older kids if she was able to swim in the deep end and they said yeah she was she can swim. So silly me, I believed them and continued on with my day surveying the rest of the pool. As I watched the kids climb out of the pool and go do jumps I noticed that the little girl was up next to jump. Remembering the conversation I had with the older kids, I turned to focus on something else, and the next thing I knew, the little girl was bobbing up and down, so I immediately kicked of my flip flops and jumped off of the guard chair and into the pool. I grabbed the little girl and pushed her to the wall. My adrenaline was so high, I didn’t even notice that someone had pulled her out of the water after I brought her to the side. This would have to be my proudest moment not only because I was just doing my job as a lifeguard but I had saved a little girls life. I am pretty proud of myself now even though it is 4 months later. Not much has changed but I am proud that I am enrolled in higher education trying to make something out of myself and make a good living. I am also proud that I am having fun along the way. There really aren’t any differences between these two proud moments other than one was a paying job and it was my duty to help people and now it is my personal duty to fulfill what I want out of life.

Drilling Machine

Drilling Machine Chapter-4 ?Drilling machines ?Any component manufactured has one or more cylindrical hole in them. ?The process of making a hole is known a drilling. ?The cutting tool, which is used for making holes, is known as drill. ?The drill is a multipoint cutting tool. ?Definition: Drilling is the operation of making holes in a work piece using a drill bit. ?The hole is generated by the rotating drill, which exerts large force on the work piece clamped rigidly on the machine table. ?What is a Drilling machine ? A power operated machine tool, which holds the drill in its spindle rotating at high speeds and when manually actuated to move linearly simultaneously against the work piece produces a hole. ?Drilling machines ?Types Of Drilling Machines †¢Portable drilling machine †¢Bench Drilling Machine (Sensitive drilling machine) †¢Upright drilling machine †¢Radial drilling machine †¢Gang drilling machine †¢Multiple spindle drilling machine †¢Aut omatic drilling machine †¢Deep hole drilling machine. ?Portable drilling machine ?It is a small and compact machine, which can be conveniently held by hand, and drilling operations can be carried out. These machines are used to drill small holes in large work piece. ?Portable machines run at high speeds, powered by electrical motor or pneumatic. ?The maximum diameter of hole it can drill is 12 mm. The feed is applied by hand. ?Portable drilling machine ?Portable drilling machine ?Bench Drilling Machine (Sensitive Drilling Machine) ?Bench drilling machine ?These are light duty machines used in small workshops. ?Also called Sensitive drilling machines because of its accurate and well balanced spindle. ?Holes of diameter 1 mm to 15 mm. ?The main parts of the machine The main parts of the machine are Base, ?Vertical main column, ?Moving head ?Work table, ?Spindle and ?Driving mechanism. ?Bench Drilling Machine ?Upright Drilling Machine ?In construction the upright drilling machine is similar to a sensitive drilling machine for having a vertical column mounted upon the base. ?This machine is designed for handling medium sized work pieces. ?For drilling of different types of work a large number of spindle speeds and feeds are available. ?Upright Drilling Machine ?Upright Drilling Machine ?There are two types of Upright drilling machine †¢Round Column Section or Pillar drilling Machine Box Column Section. ?Round Column Section or Pillar Drilling Machine ?It consists of a round column that rises from the base which rests on the floor, a round table assembly, drill assembly and an arm. ?The arm and the table may be moved up and down on the column for holding work pieces of different heights and also moved in an arc up to 1800 and may be clamped in any position. ?The maximum size of holes that the machine can drill is up to 50mm ? Box Column Section Upright Drilling Machine ?It has square table fitted on the slides at the front face of the machine column. The table can be moved up and down by an elevating screw. ?It is suitable to work for heavier work pieces. ?The holes above 50mm in diameter can be drilled by this type of machine. ?Radial drilling machine ?These are heavy duty and versatile drilling machine used to perform drilling operation on large and heavy work piece. ?Holes up to 7. 5 cm can be drilled ?Radial Drilling Machine ?Radial Drilling Machine Base ?It is a large rectangular casting that is finished on its top to support a column at one end and work table at the other end. In some machines two or more number of bases are provided when drilling is done on a work pieces supported on anyone of the bases, another workpiece may be set up on the other for continuous operations. ?Radial Drilling Machine Column ?It is a cylindrical casting mounted vertically at one end of the base. It supports the radial arm which may slide up or down on its face. Radial arm ?It is mounted on the column extends horizontally over the base. ?It is a casting with its front vertical face accurately machined to provide guide ways on which the drill head may be made to slide. Radial Drilling Machine Drill head ?It is mounted on the radial arm and drives the drill spindle. ?A small drill head may be made to slide on the guide ways of the arm for adjusting the position of drill spindle with respect to work. Spindle drive and feed mechanism ?A constant speed motor is mounted at the extreme end of the radial arm. ?Working ?Work piece is marked for exact location and mounted on the work table. ?Drill bit is then located by moving the radial arm and drill to the marked location. ?By starting drill spindle motor holes are drilled. Radial drilling machines Plain radial drilling machine ?In this type of machine provisions are made for vertical adjustment of arm. ?In addition horizontal movement of drill head along the arm and circular movement of the arm in horizontal plane about the vertical column is also possible. ?Radial drilling machi nes Semi universal column ?In addition to the above movements the drill head can be swung about horizontal axis perpendicular to the arm. ?Other than the normal position the drill head permits to drilling a hole at an angle to the horizontal plane. Radial drilling machines Universal machine ?In addition to all the above mentioned movements. The arm holding the drill head may be rotated on a horizontal axis. ?This helps the universal machine to drill a hole on the work piece at any angle. ?Gang Drilling Machines ?Gang Drilling Machines ?Gang Drilling Machines ?The working features of a gang drilling machine are similar to other types of drilling machines. ?The only exception in a gang drilling machine is that a number of single spindles are placed side by side on a common base and are mounted on the same table. Each of these spindles can be independently set for different speed and depth of cut. ?Such machines are useful when number of holes of different sizes are to be drilled on th e same workpiece. ?Multiple Spindle Drilling Machine ?Multiple Spindle Drilling Machine ?Multiple Spindle drilling machine ?In these machines the head assembly consists of multiple spindles driven by a single motor with gear drives in the head. ?These machines are mostly used in continuous production shops where several holes of same diameter or different diameters are to be drilled simultaneously and accurately. ?Deep hole drilling machine These machines are used for drilling holes where depth exceed normal drill size. ?These machines are operated at high speed and low feed. ?These machines are very useful for drilling deep holes in rifle barrels, crank shafts, etc. ?The drill is withdrawn automatically each time when it penetrates in to the work to a depth. ?Deep hole drilling machine ?Drilling Machines Specification ?The specification of the radial drilling machine are ?Diameter of the column ?Length of the column ?Length of the arm ?Maximum & minimum drilling radius ?Spindle spe ed ?Feed. ?Drilling Machines SpecificationThe other details of the drilling machine are ?Maximum diameter of the drill that machine can operate. ?Table size ?Rise or lowering of the spindle ?Power ?Drilling Operations The different operations that can be performed in a drilling machine are †¢Drilling †¢Reaming †¢Boring †¢Counter boring †¢Counter sinking †¢Spot facing †¢Tapping †¢Trepanning ?Reaming ?It is a process of smoothing the surface of drilled holes with a tool. ?Tool is called as reamer. ?Initially a hole is drilled slightly smaller in size. ?Drill is replaced by reamer. ?Speed is reduced to half that of the drilling. ?Reaming ?Boring It is process carried on a drilling machine to increase the size of an already drilled hole. ?Initially a hole is drilled to the nearest size and using a single point cutting tool the size of the hole is increased. ?Counter boring ?This process involves increasing the size of a hole at only one end. ?Cutt ing tool will have a small cylindrical portion called pilot. ?Cutting speed = two-thirds of the drilling speed for the same hole. ?Counter sinking ?This is an operation of making the end of a hole into a conical shape. ?Cutting speed = half of the cutting speed of drilling for same hole. Spot facing ?It is a finishing operation to produce flat round surface usually around a drilled hole, for proper seating of bolt head or nut. ?It is done using a special spot facing tool. ?Tapping ?Process of cutting internal threads with a thread tool called as tap. ?Tap is a fluted threaded tool used for cutting internal thread ? Cutting speed is very slow. ?Trepanning ?It is a method of producing a hole by removing a disk shaped piece usually from flat plates. ?The hole is produced by removing the metal along the circumference of a hollow cutting tool. A hole is produced without removing much of the material from the workpiece, resulting in saving of material. ?Trepanning ?Tools used in drilling machine †¢Drills †¢Reamers †¢Taps ?Drills †¢Flat drills †¢Straight fluted †¢Twist drills ?Flat drill ?Straight fluted drills ?Straight fluted drills ?Twist Drill ?Twist drills are rotary end-cutting tools having one or more cutting lips and one or more straight or helical flutes for the passage of chips and cutting fluids. Twist drills are made with straight or tapered shanks, but most have straight shanks. ?Drill tool ?Twist Drills ?Nomenclature of Twist Drill ?Point ?Body ?shank ?Point Point is a cone shaped end of the drill. ?chisel edge or dead centre – sharp edge formed at the extreme tip of the drill by intersection of two conical surfaces. ?Point ?Flank – is the conical surface of the point. ?Lip – is the cutting edge formed at the intersection of the flank and inner surface of the flute. ?Body ?Body is the portion of the drill that extends from the tip of the drill to the lower edge of the neck. Flutes – are helical g rooves that are cut on the cylindrical surface of the drill. ?Body Margin – is the narrow strip along side of the flute. It guides and prevent rubbing of heel in the drilled hole.Heel- is the edge formed by the intersection of the flute surface and undercut surface of body. ?Body Body clearance – narrow surface gap between the margin and undercut portion of body. Web – is the thickness between two flutes. ?Shank ?Shank is the portion of drill above the neck. ?It will be straight or tapered. ?End of the shank is provided with small taper called as tang. ?Helix angle – angle formed by leading edge of the land with a plane having axis of the drill. ?lip relief angle – the angle formed by flank and a plane at right angles to the drill axis. ?Point angle – angle formed between two flanks.

Blue-Ringed Octopus Facts

Blue-Ringed Octopus Facts The blue-ringed octopus is an extremely venomous animal known for the bright, iridescent blue rings it displays when threatened. The small octopuses are common in tropical and subtropical coral reefs and tide pools of the Pacific and Indian Ocean, ranging from southern Japan to Australia. Although the blue-ringed octopus bite contains the powerful neurotoxin tetrodotoxin, the animal is docile and unlikely to bite unless handled. Blue-ringed octopuses belong to the genus Hapalochlaena, which includes four species: H. lunulata, H. fasciata, H. maculosa, and H. nierstrazi. Fast Facts: Blue-Ringed Octopus Common Name: Blue-ringed octopusScientific Name: Hapalochlaena sp.Distinguishing Features: Small octopus with yellowish skin that flashes bright blue rings when threatened.Size: 12 to 20 cm (5 to 8 in)Diet: Small crabs and shrimpAverage Lifespan: 1 to 2 yearsHabitat: Shallow warm coastal waters of the Indian and Pacific OceansConservation Status: Not evaluated; common within its rangeKingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: MolluscaClass: CephalopodaOrder: OctopodaFun Fact: The blue-ringed octopus is immune to its own venom. Physical Characteristics When not threatened, the blue-ringed octopus rings may be brown or invisible. Brook Peterson/Stocktrek Images / Getty Images Like other octopuses, the blue-ringed octopus has a sac-like body and eight tentacles. Ordinarily, a blue-ringed octopus is tan-colored and blends in with its surroundings. The iridescent blue rings only appear when the animal is disturbed or threatened. In addition to up to 25 rings, this type of octopus also has a blue line running through its eyes. Adults range in size from 12 to 20 cm (5 to 8 in) and weigh from 10 to 100 grams. Females are slightly larger than males, but the size of any octopus varies greatly depending on nutrition, temperature, and available light. Prey and Feeding The blue-ringed octopus hunts small crabs and shrimp during the day, but it will eat bivalves and small fish if it can catch them. The octopus pounces upon its prey, using its tentacles to pull its catch toward its mouth. Then, its beak pierces the crustaceans exoskeleton and delivers the paralyzing venom. The venom is produced by bacteria in octopus saliva. It contains tetrodotoxin, histamine, taurine, octopamine, acetylcholine, and dopamine. Once the prey is immobilized, the octopus uses its beak to tear off chunks of the animal to eat. The saliva also contains enzymes that partially digest flesh, so that the octopus can suck it out of the shell. The blue-ringed octopus is immune to its own venom. Venom and Bite Treatment Encounters with this reclusive creature are rare, but people have been bitten after handling accidentally stepping on a blue-ringed octopus. A bite leaves a tiny mark and may be painless, so its possible to be unaware of danger until respiratory distress and paralysis occur. Other symptoms include nausea, blindness, and heart failure, but death (if it occurs) usually results from paralysis of the diaphragm. There is no antivenom for a blue-octopus bite, but tetradotoxin is metabolized and excreted within a few hours. First aid treatment consists of applying pressure to the wound to slow the effects of the venom and artificial respiration once the victim stops breathing, which usually occurs within minutes of the bite. If artificial respiration is started immediately and continued until the toxin wears off, most victims recover. Behavior Hal Beral / Getty Images During the day, the octopus crawls through coral and across the shallow sea floor, seeking to ambush prey. It swims by expelling water through its siphon in a type of jet propulsion. While juvenile blue-ringed octopuses can produce ink, they lose this defensive ability as they mature. The aposematic warning display deters most predators, but the octopus piles up rocks to block the entrance to its lair as a safeguard. Blue-ringed octopuses are not aggressive. Reproduction Blue-ringed octopuses reach sexual maturity when they are less than a year old. A mature male will pounce on any other mature octopus of its own species, whether its male or female. The male holds the other octopus mantle and tries to insert a modified arm called a hectocotylus into the female mantle cavity. If the male is successful, he releases spermatophores into the female. If the other octopus is a male or a female that already has sufficient sperm packets, the mounting octopus typically withdraws without a struggle. In her lifetime, the female lays a single clutch of about 50 eggs. Eggs are laid in autumn, shortly after mating, and incubated under the females arms for around six months. Females dont eat while incubating eggs. When the eggs hatch, the juvenile octopuses sink to the sea floor to seek prey, while the female dies. The blue-ringed octopus lives one to two years. Conservation Status None of the species of blue-ringed octopus have been evaluated with respect to conservation status. They are not listed on the IUCN Red List, nor are they protected. Generally, people dont eat these octopuses, but some are captured for the pet trade. Sources Cheng, M.W.; Caldwell, R.L. (2000). Sex identification and mating in the blue-ringed octopus,  Hapalochlaena lunulata.  Anim Behav.  60  (1): 27–33.  Lippmann, John and Bugg, Stan, DAN S.E. Asia-Pacific Diving First Aid Manual, J.L. Publications, Australia, May 2004. ISBN 0-646-23183-9Mthger, L.M.; Bell, G.R.; Kuzirian, A.M.; Allen, J.J. Hanlon, R.T. (2012). How does the blue-ringed octopus (Hapalochlaena lunulata) flash its blue rings?. Journal of Experimental Biology. 215 (21): 3752–3757. doi:10.1242/jeb.076869Robson, G. C. (1929). Notes on the Cephalopoda. - VIII. The genera and subgenera of Octopodinae and Bathypolypodinae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History: Series 10. 3 (18): 607–608. doi:10.1080/00222932908673017Sheumack D.D., Howden M.E., Spence I., Quinn R.J. (1978). Maculotoxin: a neurotoxin from the venom glands of the octopus Hapalochlaena maculosa identified as tetrodotoxin. Science. 199 (4325): 188–9. doi:10.1126/science.619451

Trámites para solicitar el asilo político en EE.UU.

Trmites para solicitar el asilo polà ­tico en EE.UU. Solicitar y obtener el asilo polà ­tico permite que personas extranjeras puedan quedarse a vivir en Estados Unidos y ganar estatus legal. Con el paso del tiempo puede obtener una tarjeta de residencia permanente –green card– y despuà ©s, si se desea, la ciudadanà ­a estadounidense. Sin embargo, una nueva polà ­tica anunciada por el gobierno del presidente Donald Trump y con fecha de entrada en vigor del 16 de julio de 2019 limita grandemente quià ©nes pueden solicitar asilo en la frontera terrestre que separa Estados Unidos y Mà ©xico, como se explica ms abajo. Causas para solicitar el asilo en Estados Unidos Puede solicitar asilo polà ­tico cualquier persona que teme, con fundamento, que pueda ser perseguida o ya ha sufrido persecucià ³n por razà ³n de: su razanacionalidadreligià ³nopinià ³n polà ­ticapor pertenecer a un determinado grupo social Si no se cumple con ninguna de estas causas, todavà ­a hay otras opciones migratorias para las và ­ctimas de: asalto sexualviolencia que califica para la visa Utrfico humano (visa T)violencia domà ©stica por ley que se conoce como VAWAprograma SIJ para nià ±os y jà ³venes solteros menores de 21 aà ±os que sufren abuso, negligencia o abandono. Dà ³nde y cundo se solicita el asilo Para solicitar el asilo es requisito imprescindible que el solicitante se encuentre presencia en Estados Unidos o en una de sus fronteras. Sin embargo, a partir del 16 de julio de 2019 todos los migrantes que se presentan en la frontera terrestre de Estados Unidos con Mà ©xico y solicitan asilo sern rechazados, excepto en dos excepciones. En primer lugar, se aceptar la peticià ³n de asilo de aquellos migrantes que puedan demostrar que pidieron asilo en al menos un tercer paà ­s por el que hayan pasado previamente y dicha solicitud fue rechazada. Y, en segundo lugar, se aceptar para su tramitacià ³n –que no quiere decir aprobacià ³n– la solicitud de migrantes que pueden probar que han sido và ­ctimas de una forma severa de trfico humano. Esta nueva polà ­tica afecta los migrantes de todas las nacionalidades que se presentan en la frontera terrestre sur de EE.UU y solicitan asilo, excepto mexicanos y canadienses, que son vecinos geogrficamente y, por lo tanto, no estar obligados a pedir asilo previamente en un tercer paà ­s. Sin embargo, sà ­ que afecta a los mexicanos que se presentan en una frontera marà ­tima. Por ejemplo, un salvadoreà ±o que sale de su paà ­s por và ­a terrestre con el fin de llegar a EE.UU. est obligado a pedir asilo en Guatemala o Mà ©xico antes que en EE.UU. ya que en la frontera estadounidense solo se aceptar su solicitud si: se cumplen los requisitos para el asilopuede demostrar que aplicà ³ en al menos un paà ­s por el que transità ³ y su aplicacià ³n no ha sido aceptada. Si eso no es asà ­, el oficial de migracià ³n de EE.UU. no aceptar una aplicacià ³n de asilo en la frontera estadounidense. Adems, las personas que ya se encuentran en EE.UU. podrn solicitar asilo antes de que pase un aà ±o a contar desde el dà ­a de la à ºltima entrada al paà ­s. Sin embargo, existen excepciones a esta à ºltima regla. Por ejemplo, si una persona ha entrado hace ms de 365 dà ­as y en su paà ­s de origen se produce un cambio de rà ©gimen que lo pone en peligro si regresa, puede entonces solicitar el asilo. Son lo que se llama circunstancias excepcionales o cambiantes. Obligacià ³n de esperar en Mà ©xico Una de las novedades en materia migratoria impuestas por el gobierno del presidente Donald Trump es el Programa de Protocolo de Proteccià ³n al Migrante, conocido por sus iniciales MPP o por Permanecer en Mà ©xico. Segà ºn este programa que comenzà ³ a implementarse en enero de 2019 en el Puerto de Entrada de San Ysidro y se ha extendido a otros puntos de a frontera sur, los solicitantes de asilo en la frontera que no pasan la entrevista de miedo creà ­ble efectuada en persona, por telà ©fono o videoconferencia con un oficial de USCIS, son puestos en un procedimiento de remocià ³n y deben esperar en Mà ©xico mientras esperan su caso. Estas personas reciben una carta en la que se le notifica quà © dà ­a deben presentarse en la entrada del paso migratorio a EE.UU. para ser escoltados por oficiales de ICE a corte migratoria, para decidir sobre master calendar de su procedimiento. Ante esa Corte es donde deben luchar para ganar su caso de asilo. Tipos de solicitud de asilo   Hay dos posibles caminos para pedir asilo: el afirmativo, que decide el Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Ciudadanà ­a, (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) y el defensivo, que se tiene lugar en corte judicial. Proceso afirmativo de asilo ante USCIS Como regla general, debe esperarse un proceso largo en el que deben llenarse formularios y presentar un buen argumento de las razones para que el asilo sea aprobado. El  formulario I-589 es el que se utiliza para solicitar el asilo.  Una vez que se pone en marcha el proceso se recibir una carta del USCIS notificando la apertura del caso y su identificacià ³n con un nombre. El solicitante de asilo recibir ms tarde una carta para presentarse en un Centro de Apoyo a Aplicaciones para sacar las huellas digitales y otros datos biomà ©tricos. Si la persona que solicita el asilo incluye en su peticià ³n a su cà ³nyuge y/o hijos solteros menores de 21 aà ±os y estos estn en USA, debern tambià ©n presentarse para esa cita. Posteriormente, el solicitante de asilo recibir una carta en la que se fija el dà ­a y el lugar para una entrevista con un oficial del USCIS. Es muy conveniente ir acompaà ±ado de un abogado y preparar la entrevista de tal manera que todo lo que se conteste guarde consistencia con lo que se afirmà ³ en la carta de solicitud de asilo. Adems, si estn en USA el cà ³nyuge y/o hijos para los que se pide un asilo derivado, tambià ©n deben presentarse. Por à ºltimo, llevar testigos, si los hay y pueden ayudar al caso y toda la documentacià ³n que apoye el caso y sirva para identificarse, original y una copia traducida al inglà ©s. A continuacià ³n, el oficial que realiza la entrevista llega a una decisià ³n, que debe ser supervisada por su superior. En algunos casos habr internamente dentro del USCIS otra revisià ³n, pero son casos excepcionales. Finalmente, USCIS comunica la decisià ³n, bien en persona al solicitante que debe presentarse de nuevo en una oficina del USCIS o bien por carta. Si el asilo es aprobado, se puede trabajar y permanecer en Estados Unidos, solicitar un Nà ºmero del Seguro Social, sacar la licencia de manejar, y se podrà ­a tener derecho a ciertos beneficios sociales como Medicaid, SNAP o TANF.   Sin embargo, la peticià ³n puede ser denegada por cualquiera de las siguientes causas: no se reà ºnen las condiciones para ser considerado asilado por no probar miedo creà ­ble.porque se ha cometido cierto tipo de delitos graves o se es considerado un peligro a la seguridad nacional, como por ejemplo formar parte de pandillas.porque se estaba asentado de manera firme en un tercer paà ­s antes de venir a los Estados Unidospor no cumplirse con los requisitos de plazos (1 aà ±o desde la à ºltima llegada al paà ­s para solicitar) o porque previamente ya una corte lo habà ­a denegado y no hay cambios excepcionales. Si la solicitud de asilo es negada y el solicitante carece de estatus migratorio legal el USCIS lo envà ­a ante el sistema de Cortes de Inmigracià ³n donde se abre un proceso de deportacià ³n (removal proceedings) y se analizar de nuevo si tiene derecho al asilo, en lo que se conoce como procedimiento defensivo. Proceso defensivo los requisitos para asilo ante corte En el proceso defensivo de la solicitud de asilo el solicitante tiene abierto en su contra un procedimiento de deportacià ³n o de expulsià ³n inmediata  (removal proceedings). Esto sucede en varios casos. Por ejemplo: cuando el USCIS deniega una peticià ³n de asilo (tipo afirmativo) a una persona que no tiene estatus legal.cuando una persona indocumentada es detenida o es  agarrada intentando ingresar ilegalmente la frontera y  en ese momento solicita asilo.cuando una persona realiza una solicitud de asilo al llegar a un puerto de ingreso a EE.UU. y, despuà ©s de una entrevista con un oficial de USCIS, este determina que no ha pasado satisfactoriamente la entrevista de miedo creà ­ble. El juez puede conceder la peticià ³n de asilo o denegarla. En este à ºltimo caso, la decisià ³n se puede apelar. Si la solicitud se considera que fue frà ­vola, la persona que la presentà ³ no podr regresar a EE.UU. siguiendo un conducto legal. Si se agota la apelacià ³n sin que el asilo se conceda, el extranjero debe abandonar Estados Unidos, a menos que pueda conseguir algà ºn tipo de proteccià ³n, como un withholding of removal o una proteccià ³n bajo el acuerdo contra la tortura (CAT, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). Asilo para los familiares inmediatos   El esposo o la mujer y los hijos solteros menores de 21 aà ±os de una persona a la que se le aprueba la peticià ³n de asilo pueden tambià ©n beneficiarse de ese mismo estatus, tanto si ya estn en ese momento en Estados Unidos como si estn en otro paà ­s. En ambos casos lo que tiene que hacer la persona que gana el asilo es llenar una aplicacià ³n I-730 (following-to-join) por cada uno de los miembros de su familia que reà ºnen esas condiciones. Tiene dos aà ±os para hacerlo y el plazo comienza a contar desde el dà ­a en que se le aprobà ³ la solicitud. Adems, la relacià ³n ya tiene que existir en el momento en que se aprueba la solicitud de asilo. Por ejemplo, en el caso de matrimonio, tiene que ser anterior. Cabe destacar que segà ºn las leyes federales de los Estados Unidos pueden obtener beneficios migratorios por razà ³n de matrimonio tanto los matrimonios entre un hombre y una mujer como los de gays y lesbianas. Cà ³mo conseguir un permiso de trabajo Por lo general, mientras se tramita la solicitud de asilo en Estados Unidos no se tiene permiso de trabajo. Sin embargo, puede solicitarse si han pasado ms de 150 dà ­as desde que se realizà ³ la solicitud y no ha habido una resolucià ³n del caso. Pero lo fundamental es entender cà ³mo se computan esos dà ­as. En la prctica el permiso de trabajo puede tardar mucho ms. Si el USCIS concede la solicitud, tramitar directamente la autorizacià ³n (EAD, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). Si el asilo lo concede un juez de inmigracià ³n o una corte de apelaciones entonces se podr solicitar el EAD al USCIS. Si se tienen dudas de cà ³mo hacerlo, se puede solicitar una cita con el servicio de inmigracià ³n a travà ©s de Info Pass. En todo caso en el momento en el que a una persona se le concede el estatus de asilado esa persona adquiere el derecho a trabajar legalmente en Estados Unidos. Es decir, el EAD no es necesario, pero puede pedirse para utilizarlo como un I.D. Beneficios sociales Mientras se tramita el asilo algunos estados consideran a los solicitantes como PRUCOL. En estos casos tienen derechos a algunos beneficios sociales si reà ºnen los requisitos.   Cà ³mo obtener la green card Las personas a las que se le ha reconocido el estatus de asilados pueden solicitar un ajuste de estatus y la correspondiente tarjeta de residencia, conocida como green card. Para ello deben cumplir con una serie de requisitos como haber residido fà ­sicamente en Estados Unidos por al menos un aà ±o, seguir sufriendo la condicià ³n que lo ha convertido en asilado y cumplir con los requisitos necesarios para convertirse en emigrante legal en Estados Unidos. A los cuatro aà ±os de la fecha de obtencià ³n de la tarjeta de residencia pueden solicitar la ciudadanà ­a estadounidense por naturalizacià ³n. Viajar al extranjero mientras se es asilado Se recomienda solicitar unos 60 dà ­as antes de viajar un documento para viajar rellenando el formulario I-131, que es vlido por un aà ±o. Se puede salir de Estados Unidos sin esperar por la entrega del documento. Se puede solicitar que envà ­e a una oficina consular y recogerlo allà ­. En cuanto a viajar al paà ­s de origen, es algo que se puede hacer, pero con prudencia, ya que Estados Unidos puede considerar que hubo un fraude en la solicitud de asilo o que las circunstancias que motivaron su peticià ³n ya no existen y, por lo tanto, ya no cumple las condiciones para ser considerado un asilado. Estadà ­sticas latinoamericanos y asilo en EE.UU. No hay cifras oficiales del nà ºmero total de casos de asilo aprobados. Sin embargo, sà ­ hay datos parciales que se obtienen a partir de las decisiones dictadas por cortes de inmigracià ³n. Estn excluidos de dichos datos las resoluciones sobre asilo acordadas por oficiales de USCIS. Segà ºn Syracuse University, en el aà ±o fiscal 2018, las cortes migratorias de EE.UU. decidieron un total de 42.228 casos de asilo, de los cuales negaron la solicitud un 65 por ciento de las veces. En otras palabras, las cortes solo aprobaron el 35 por ciento de los casos. En cuanto a los solicitante de origen latinoamericano, las cortes decidieron sobre un total de 8.232 casos en los que los solicitantes procedà ­an de El Salvador, aprobando el 23,5 por ciento de los mismos, es decir, 1.935 salvadoreà ±os obtuvieron el asilo en corte. Se resolvieron 6.240 casos afectando a hondureà ±os, aprobndose el 21,2 por ciento de los mismos, es decir, 1.323. Se decidieron 6.052 casos de guatemaltecos, aprobndose el 18,8 por ciento de los mismos, lo cual supone 1.138 casos ganados. Y se resolvieron 5.379 casos de mexicanos, aprobndose el 14,5 por ciento, es decir 780. Cabe destacar que en algunos casos en los que se negà ³ el asilo, se autorizà ³ a permanecer en Estados Unidos aplicando alguna forma de alivio a la deportacià ³n, especialmente en el caso de ciudadanos de El Salvador, Guatemala y Honduras. Asimismo, resaltar que aunque no se cuenta con datos oficiales, se estima que USCIS aprueba un nà ºmero destacable de solicitudes de asilo presentadas por menores procedentes de esos tres paà ­ses de Centroamà ©rica. Los datos de aprobacià ³n y negacià ³n de solicitudes de asilo por pueden consultarse por nacionalidad del solicitante y corte en una herramienta creada por la Universidad de Syracuse. Asilo polà ­tico en EE.UU. Para solicitar y obtener el asilo polà ­tico en EE.UU. es necesario persecucià ³n pasada o miedo creà ­ble de ser perseguido si se regresa al paà ­s de origen por razà ³n de raza, nacionalidad, religià ³n, opinià ³n polà ­tica o membresà ­a en un determinado grupo.El asilo polà ­tico debe solicitarse en la frontera de EE.UU. o, en determinadas circunstancias especiales, estando ya presente en el interior del paà ­s. Una nueva polà ­tica del presidente Trump obliga a los migrantes que llegan a la frontera terrestre de Mà ©xico con EE.UU. a demostrar que han solicitado asilo en al menos un tercer paà ­s antes de aceptar su solicitud de asilo. Las à ºnicas nacionalidades excluidas son los mexicanos y los canadienses, por razones geogrficas.El asilo polà ­tico puede ser afirmativo, ante el Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Ciudadanà ­a, o defensivo, ante Corte migratoria.En caso de obtener el asilo, los familiares inmediatos podrn tambià ©n beneficiase.La obtencià ³n del as ilo es un trampolà ­n hacia la tarjeta de residencia y, si se desea, hacia la ciudadanà ­a estadounidense por naturalizacià ³n. Este artà ­culo es solo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

'As large firms embrace the benefits of traditional marketing, they Essay

'As large firms embrace the benefits of traditional marketing, they must also embrace the rigours of Web analytics to measure - Essay Example With big companies spending huge amounts of resources to market their products, it is essential that they make good decisions on how to invest on their marketing endeavors and to measure the returns on these investments. One of the tools used to provide metrics relating to online marketing is web analytics. This paper will discuss the importance of web analytics in measuring organizations’ return on marketing investment. Web Analytics and Its Importance The web has grown to become a very powerful vehicle for communicating and marketing as noted by Burby and Atchison (2007, p1). It makes it easy for businesses to communicate fast and easily with millions of customers spread across the globe in real time. As a result, it has changed the speed at which businesses and their brands can be established and grow. The web has also shortened the distance between the marketer and the customer both physically and emotionally to the period of a click of the mouse Burby and Atchison (2007, p1). With many large organizations appreciating the value of having a web presence, they are prepared to invest if only there is bound to be good returns on their investment (Clifton 2012, p. 1). Organizations have therefore to decide how much to invest in their online marketing endeavours and establish the most cost effective way to market the site and have valuable leads that translate into sales. A few years ago, many organizations with a web presence could not tell who and how many visitors landed on their websites. This is no longer the case today. Many large organizations today have the capability of knowing a lot about the visitors to their websites and the activities that the visitors perform on these sites, thanks to web analytics Burby and Atchison (2007, p. 14). Web analytics involves collecting, measuring, analyzing and reporting data retrieved from the Internet with the aim of understanding and optimizing usage of the web as noted by Peterson (2004, p. 5). Some of the v ariables measured on-site include drivers and conversions. In other words, web analytics is mainly dedicated to generating more leads to an e-business, enhancing brand awareness, and learning more about customers and the business (Loveday & Niehaus 2007, p. 34). The information that the organization in this respect includes how the customers find an organization’s website, how much they spend on each webpage and what they do when they land on the site. An organization, for example, can get to know which of the landing pages on a website lead more customers to purchase its goods or services online. Using this information, the organization can further optimize its web pages or make changes to some of its pages to attract more conversions (Napier 2006, 225). In addition to these, the organization may rely on web analytics to find a clue as to why visitors leave their website or a particular web page (Plaza 2009, p. 478). With this information, an organization can attract more vi sitors to their website and convert them into paying customers. Web analytics can be done on-site and off-site. Off-site web analytics involves the measurement of a websites visibility, potential audience, and buzz on the entire Internet (Farris, Bendle, Pfeifer & Reibstein, 2009, p. 54). On the other hand, on-site analytics involves

From the perspective of UN peacekeeping operations, was the Essay

From the perspective of UN peacekeeping operations, was the humanitarian intervention in Libya justified - Essay Example Considering both the views listed above and the situation that existed in Libya during the unrest, an important question arises: was humanitarian intervention justified? By considering the systematic violation of human rights by the regime, the aggravating refugee situation and the rampant anarchy, do the UN protocols really reflect changes in international politics? In addition to this, does it justify the need for humanitarian intervention in such a way that the needs of the country are met without negative impacts such as exploitation? Did the situation in Libya really necessitate UN humanitarian intervention? And do the rules and regulations laid down by the UN justify military intervention in Libya under international law? As a result of these questions, the underlying factor that stands is whether there is need to justify the UN Humanitarian Intervention in Libya. In this paper, I shall review the problem statement in order to understand the background of the situation. Review of the various literatures concerning humanitarian intervention with a focus on the United Nation shall then be carried out. I shall then develop a testable hypothesis which will then be tested to show a causal-effect relationship. Problem Statement This research seeks to find out whether UN peace keeping protocols are in compliance with international law on matters regarding military intervention with a focus on the Libyan civil unrest. The research intends to justify the military operation carried out in Libya based on the provisions of the United Nations Security Council charter as well as international law. On February 2011, protests began in Libya to oust the government of Muammar Gaddafi. The protests were part of a bigger revolution that was taking place in most of the Islamic nations at the time including Tunisia, Egypt and Syria (Pargeter, 2012). Gaddafi unleashed his military force on his quest to crush the rebellion. After this, the rebellion spread rapidly throughout Lib ya and soon Gadhafi lost hold over most of the eastern part of his country. On 26th February 2011, the United Nations Security Council adopted the resolution 1970 calling upon member states to: ensure that no arms exchange took place across their borders to Libya, freeze assets owned by Gaddafi and those in his government allied to him, and to facilitate humanitarian aid in Libya (Cheslow 2012). The resolution however did not ratify the use of military force in Libya. Due to increasing fighting and an increase in oppression of Libyans by Gadhafi’s loyalist, a multistate coalition began military operations on 19th march 2011 (Noueihed 2012). Air strikes against army tanks and bases were carried out thereby frustrating the efforts of Gaddafi’s forces to bring the country to heel. International law generally proscribes that nations should apply the doctrine of non-intervention when dealing with intervention of parties within the territory of a sovereign nation. Von Hippel (1995) defines intervention as the use of coercive tactics to direct a given nation to take a particular course that it would not have likely taken and may involve military action by a foreign power in a domestic conflict. Intervention may take other forms than military